Yaya suka yi bikin Kirsimati a Rasha?

Ga mafi yawancinmu, kalmar "Kirsimeti" tana haɗe da waƙar "MerryChristmas", Santa Claus, zane-zane wanda aka rataye a kan wuta da sauran "kwakwalwan kwamfuta" da aka samo daga fina-finai na Amurka. Duk da haka, ƙananan mutane suna tunanin cewa wannan ya shafi Kirsimeti na Kirsimeti, wadda aka yi bikin ranar 25 ga watan Disamba bisa ga kalandar Gregorian. Amma masu goyon bayan Orthodoxy suna bikin wannan biki a ranar 7 ga Janairu, suna dogara ga kalandar Julian. Ƙasashen Orthodox, musamman Rasha, kamar Katolika, suna da al'adun da suka samo asali a cikin zurfi. To, ta yaya suka yi bikin Kirsimeti a Rasha?

Tarihin biki

Da yake magana game da tarihin bikin Kirsimeti a Rasha, dole ne a farko a lura da cewa yana farawa a karni na goma - a wannan lokacin faɗuwar Kristanci ya faru. Duk da haka, yana da wuya ga Slavs su watsar da bangaskiyar arna, kuma wannan ya haifar da wani abu mai ban sha'awa daga ra'ayin al'adu: wasu tsarkakan kirista suna da ayyukan gumaka na dā, kuma yawancin lokuta suna kiyaye abubuwa dabam-dabam na arna. Muna magana ne game da al'ada: Kirsimeti a Rasha, misali, ya dace da Kolyada - ranar hunturu na solstice, yana nuna alamun ƙarfafawa da kuma taƙaita dare. Daga baya, Kolyada ya fara bude Hauwa'u Kirsimeti - jerin lokuta na Kirsimeti, wanda ya kasance daga 7 zuwa 19 Janairu.

A yammacin Janairu 6 an kira shi Hauwa'u Kirsimeti ga Slavs. Wannan kalma ta fito ne daga naman "osovo" - ya nuna wani tasa na hatsi hatsi da alkama da sha'ir, waɗanda aka yalwata da zuma da dried 'ya'yan itatuwa. An sanya abincin a ƙarƙashin gumakan - a matsayin kyauta ga Mai Ceto, wanda zai kusan haife shi. A wannan rana ya zama al'ada don kauce wa cin abinci kafin Bai'talami ya fito a sararin samaniya. A daren mutane suka je coci don wani sabis na musamman - Vigil. Bayan hidima, an shimfiɗa su a cikin "jan kusurwa" a ƙarƙashin hotunan hay, hatsin rai da kuma kutya - porridge na hatsi. Da farko, an ba da kyauta ga Veles, allahn haihuwa a cikin arna, amma a hankali ya rasa ainihin ma'anarsa kuma ya fara fara zama alama ce ta haihuwar Almasihu.

Hadisai don bikin Kirsimeti a Rasha sun hada da "razgovlenie": bayan azumi a kowace gida wani teburin abinci tare da biki ya rufe. Geese, aladu, kabeji na kabeji na Rasha, jelly, kutya, pancakes, pies, gingerbreads ... Wani nau'i mai mahimmanci na tebur mai suna "m" - siffofin dabbobi da aka gyara daga kullu.

Ayyukan Kirsimeti da al'adu

Kamar yadda muka gani a sama, Kirsimeti da Kirsimeti a Rasha sun kasance kwanaki 13 - daga 7 zuwa 19 Janairu. A duk lokacin da aka yi amfani da abubuwa masu tsarki da yawa, da ba da labari, wasanni da sauran abubuwan wasanni. Musamman mashahuri tsakanin matasa suna yin raɗaɗi: samari da 'yan mata sun taru a ƙananan kungiyoyi suna tafiya a kusa da duk gidajen da ke cikin ƙauyen, suna raira waƙoƙi a ƙarƙashin tagogi (waƙoƙin da aka raira waƙa da maigida da iyalinsa) da kuma biyan bukatun.

Kwana na biyu na Kirsimeti ake kira "Cathedral of Virgin" da kuma sadaukar da ga Mai Tsarki Maryamu Maryamu - mahaifiyar Almasihu. Tun daga wannan ranar ne aka fara ba da labarun da aka yi wa masu mummunan ra'ayi: mutanen da suka sa tufafinsu sun juya cikin gida, da fentin fuska tare da sutura da tafiya cikin tituna, wasa da wasan kwaikwayon har ma da dukkan wasanni. 'Yan matan da ba su da aure sun yi tsammani - mafiya yawa, da gaske, wajibi ne - yayyafa da kakin zuma, suka jefa kullun ta hanyar ƙofar, suna kallon madubai ta hasken kyandir, suna fatan su ga mated.

Hutu na Kirsimati a Rasha ya ƙare ta hanyar sabis na ruwa: mutane masu aminci sun shiga cikin rami mai kusa da Kogin Urdun, suna wanke zunubansu kafin baptismar .