Ciwon sukari a cikin yara - yadda za a gane bayyanar cututtuka da abin da za a yi gaba?

Hyperglycemia da kuma rashin lalata insulin mugun abu ne na biyu mafi ƙarancin endocrine pathology tsakanin yara da matasa. A cewar Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya, yanayin da yara ke fama da ciwon sukari suna girma sosai. A cikin shekaru 5-10 na gaba, yawancin marasa lafiya suna kimantawa da kashi 70%.

Za a iya samun ciwon sukari a cikin yaro?

Abubuwan da aka gano an gano shi ko da a jarirai, cututtukan endocrin sun faru ba tare da la'akari da shekarunsu ba. Mutane da yawa iyaye suna mamakin ko za a iya samun ciwon sukari a cikin yara waɗanda ba su da kwayar cutar kwayar cutar. Amsar wannan tambaya ita ce tabbatacce. Akwai cututtukan cututtukan daban-daban da aka yi la'akari da su, wasu daga cikinsu suna ci gaba ne saboda dalilai masu banbanci na waje ko a matsayin ƙwayoyin cuta na biyu.

Irin ciwon sukari a cikin yara

Bugu da ƙari, da sanannun nau'o'in cututtuka na endocrin, waɗanda aka ba da su bisa ga insulin dogara, akwai wasu nau'o'in damuwa na rayuwa a cikin carbohydrates. Rare iri iri na ciwon sukari:

Neonatal. Wannan bambance-bambancen cutar ya kamu da shi a cikin jarirai da yara har zuwa watanni shida. Irin wannan ciwon ciwon sukari a cikin yara ya faru a cikin hanyar da ba ta wucewa ba. A cikin akwati na farko, buƙatar dan kwaikwayon insulin ya ƙare a kan kansa tsawon rabin shekara. Rushewar ilimin lissafi a nan gaba zai yiwu kashi 50%. Yankin na biyu shine halin da ake bukata na insulin.
MODY. An gabatar da jinsin da aka gabatar a matsayin samari na masu ciwon sukari a cikin matasa (Girma-farko da ciwon sukari na Yong). MODY itace lalacewar kwayoyin halittu wadanda suka haɗu a cikin wani nau'i mai mahimmanci (ba a hade da jima'i na yaro ba, wanda aka kawo daga tsara zuwa tsara). Wannan ciwon sukari yana da biyan kuɗi 9, yawancin abin da ke cikin halin kirki, wani lokacin kuma ba a buƙatar aikin insulin ba.
Secondary. Wani mummunar irin cutar da ke faruwa a kan tushen cututtukan kwayoyin cututtuka. Irin wannan ciwon sukari za su iya bin mahaɗar da Rogers, Wolfram, Alström, Rabson-Mendelholl, leprechaunizm, lipodystrophy da sauran pathologies.

1 irin ciwon sukari mellitus

Abin da aka kwatanta da cututtukan cutocrine na kullum (insulin-dependent) shi ne mafi yawancin yara. Ciwon sukari mellitus na 1 a cikin yara an classified zuwa ƙungiyoyi biyu:

Tagamin;
idiopathic.

Sakamakon farko na cutar shine halin kasancewar autoantibodies cikin jini, wanda ke kai hari da halakar tsibirin beta na tsibirin pancreas. A sakamakon haka, kwayar endocrine ta samar da rashin insulin don rage glucose. Zai fi wuya a bayyana cututtukan cututtuka na idiopathic a cikin yara - abubuwan da ke haifar da irin wannan cututtuka ba su sani ba. A cikin jinin yaron, ba a gano kwayoyin cuta, amma cutar ta zo ta hanyar irin wannan.

2 irin ciwon sukari mellitus

An riga an gano alamar insulin mai zaman kanta na cutar da farko a cikin tsofaffi da tsofaffi. Ciwon sukari iri 2 a cikin yara ya fara ingantawa kwanan nan. Wannan shi ne saboda canji a cikin salon da kuma cin abinci na masu karatun zamani. Abincin gina jiki da rashin motsi yana haifar da kiba, wanda zai haifar da cututtukan endocrin.

Sanadin ciwon sukari mellitus

Abubuwan da ke haifar da pathology da aka bayyana sun danganta da siffarta. Neonatal, sakandare da kuma MODY-ciwon sukari sun tashi ne saboda sakamakon maye gurbin. Wadannan cututtuka masu cututtuka da ke hade da rashin gaskiya . Babban magungunan ciwon sukari na irin 1 zai iya raba kashi biyu:

Halitta;
waje.

Mahimmancin abin da ke faruwa a cikin wannan yanayin ba ya haɗawa da maye gurbin kowace kwayar halitta, amma a cikin haɗin haɗarsu. Kasancewar ciwon sukari a iyayensu ko wasu 'yan uwa ba tabbacin ci gaba da ilimin pathology a cikin yaro ba. Don kunnawa da kuma farawa daga endocrin, an buƙaci ƙarin abubuwan waje na waje:

abinci mara kyau (masu kula da abinci, nitrates, gluten);
toxins;
ƙwayoyin cuta ( rubella , parotitis, Epstein-Barr da sauransu);
matsananciyar wahala.

Sanadin cututtukan cututtuka 2 shine hanyar da ba daidai ba ga yara. Canja a cikin aiki na pancreas da nakasa na rayuwa cikin jiki yana faruwa a baya na:

m overeating;
kiba;
low motsi;
amfani da shi akai-akai na "abinci mai sauri".

Ciwon sukari yana cikin yara - alamu da alamu

An lura da hoto na asibiti a cikin jarirai fiye da na tsofaffi. Alamun ciwon sukari a cikin yara suna ci gaba da sauri saboda irin waɗannan abubuwa:

immaturity na enzyme da endocrin tsarin;
inganta metabolism, ciki har da carbohydrates da sugars;
Ƙirƙirar ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta.

Tare da raunin insulin, ba a kulle glucose ba, kuma kwayoyin jiki suna fama da yunwa. Don ƙusarwa, ƙwayoyi za su fara cinyewa tare da samuwar jikin ketone da acetone, waxanda suke da guba. Wannan aikin yana da alhakin yadda ake nuna ciwon sukari a cikin yara. Abubuwan tsaftacewa sun haɗa cikin jini, suna haifar da ketoacidosis da farkon alamar cutar.

Alamun farko na ciwon sukari a cikin yara

Idan MODY yayi tasowa, cutar ta zo a hankali tare da hoto mai kwakwalwa wanda ya nuna cewa iyayen yaron bazai san hakan ba. A wasu lokuta, ciwon sukari yana ci gaba da sauri - alamun cututtuka a cikin yara a farkon matakan ilimin cututtuka sun hada da:

mai jin ƙishi da bushewa a bakina;
enuresis ;
urination mai yawa ;
ƙara yawan ci;
so su barci bayan cin abinci;
gajiya.

Ga wasu makonni, wadannan alamun sukari a cikin yara suna karuwa. Bugu da kari ya lura:

rashin asarar rashin nauyi;
matsalar rashin gani;
mai yiwuwa zuwa cututtukan fata;
neurodermatitis ;
mycoses;
itching na fata;
ichthyosis.

Ciwon sukari - bayyanar cututtuka

Yanayin da ake yi a cikin tambaya ya faru idan an samu ciwon sukari a cikin yara ba tare da magani ba. Wannan lamari ne mai hatsarin gaske, wanda yasa mawuyacin sakamako zai yiwu. Ƙananan yaro, da sauri ya kamata a tuntuɓar asibiti don taimakon da ya dace. Abun ciwon sukari a yara yana tare da asarar sani. Wannan yanayin ya riga ya wuce da wadannan bayyanar cututtuka:

ciwon kai;
damuwa, biyan hankali;
rashin ci;
tashin zuciya da zubar da ciki;
karfi ƙishirwa;
ciwo na ciki;
cuta na urination;
wani haske mai haske a kan cheeks tare da kodadde fata na fuska;
mai zurfi da kuma numfashi;
ƙãra yawan zuciya;
rage yawan zafin jiki da hawan jini;
zawo tare da jini;
sinking of eyeballs;
wari mai tsari na acetone daga fitsari;
cramps na wata gabar jiki.

Cutar da ciwon sukari a cikin yara

Daga baya, ganowar ilimin cututtuka ko rashin isasshen farfadowa yana haifar da sakamakon da ya shafi kusan dukkanin tsarin jiki, ciki har da aikin kwakwalwa. Rarraba da ciwon sukari:

Neuropathy;
angina pectoris;
arteriosclerosis na jini;
ciwon zuciya;
hauhawar jini;
bugun jini;
nephropathy;
koda gazawar ;
jinkirta a cikin tunanin mutum da kuma ci gaban jiki;
retinopathy;

ciwon jini a cikin ido;
glaucoma;
Kayan aiki;
makanta;
jijiyar jijiyar ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta;
itching da fata fata;
na kwayan cuta da fungal dermatological cututtuka;
ƙaddarar kasusuwa.
zubar da jini.

Ciwon sukari mellitus - ganewar asali

Tabbatar da zato game da ci gaba da maganin endocrin pathology an gudanar da shi bisa ga samfurin samoci da gwajin gwaje-gwaje. Tsarin sukari a cikin jinin yaron ya dogara ne da shekarunsa:

har zuwa watanni 12 - 2.8-4.4 mmol / l;
1-5 shekaru - 3.3-5 mmol / l;
fiye da shekaru 5 - har zuwa 5.5 mmol / l.

Don dogara da ƙwayar ciwon sukari a cikin yara kuma ya ƙayyade irinta, an yi ƙarin gwaje-gwaje na jini a kan alamun waɗannan alaƙa:

insulin da proinsulin;
C-peptide;
haemoglobin glycosylated;
haƙuri ga glucose;
jihar-acid base (CBS);
kwayoyin cutar zuwa beta-kwayoyin halitta na pancreas da glutamate decarboxylase;
canje-canjen halittu.

Har ila yau, wajibi ne a zubar da fitsari don sanin ƙaddarar:

glucose;
ketone jikin;
acetone.

Jiyya na ciwon sukari a cikin yara

Yana da mahimmanci ga iyaye su gane cewa ganewar asirin da aka samu ya kasance na dindindin. Har sai an kirkiro hanyoyi na cikakken sabuntawa na ayyuka na pancreatic da kuma daidaitawa na metabolism carbohydrate, jinin cutar ciwon sukari a cikin yara zai zama tsawon rai. Dole ya kamata ya zama cikakke da dindindin, dole ne ku bi shawarar da likita suka dace, ku bi abincin da ku ba da damar yin aiki na jiki.

Abu na farko da fara farawa shine kulawa akai-akai game da matakan jini. Don yin wannan, saya glucometer da gwajin gwaji. Don yadda ya kamata ya kula da wannan cuta, ana ba da shawarar likitoci suyi da takarda na musamman, wanda ya rubuta ba kawai karatun na'urar ba, har ma da masu sauraro:

kasancewar damuwa ko kamuwa da cuta;
cin abinci da abubuwan sha;
aiki na jiki;
Janar na kiwon lafiya da yanayi.

Jiyya na irin 1 Ciwon sukari Mellitus a Yara

Wannan nau'i na ilimin lissafi yana nuna rashin raunin insulin cikin jikin yaron. Don kula da rayuwa ta al'ada, dole ne a biya ga rashin hormone daga waje. Don sarrafa ciwon sukari na type 1 a cikin yara, ana buƙatar ciwon insulin kullum. Dama da kuma yawan injections an zaɓi su ta hanyar endocrinologist akayi daban-daban daidai da dama sigogi:

shekarun da nauyin jariri;
digiri na hyperglycemia;
ladabi na yaro;
matakin aiki na jiki

Abun ciwon sukarin da ke dogara da insulin-yaran a cikin yara ba za a iya magance shi ba tare da injections na insulin. Duk wani hanyoyin da za'a iya magance su shine calatanism kuma suna da haɗari ga yaro. Kadai tsarin sarrafawa mai kyau na irin wannan cuta ya haɗa da:

kullum injections;
rage cin abinci;
al'ada ta jiki.

Jiyya na irin 2 Ciwon sukari Mellitus a Yara

Irin nau'in ilmin lissafin da aka kwatanta shi yafi yawa, kusan a cikin 10-20% na lokuta. Sugar ciwon sukarin da ke dogara da insulin-yaran a cikin yara ya nuna matakan hadaddun, wanda ya kunshi irin wadannan ayyukan:

daidaituwa na nauyin jiki (a gaban kiba);
aiki na jiki;
Tsayar da hankali ga abinci;
shan magungunan hypoglycemic.

Ayyuka na goyan baya sun hada da akalla 3 nau'i na wasanni masu aiki a mako daya don awa 1-1.5. Bugu da ƙari, yaron ya buƙaci yin tafiya a kowace rana (3-4 km), ana ba da shawarar zuwa matasa zuwa kilomita 5-7. Tare da daidaitattun ka'ida tare da shawarar endocrinologist game da abinci mai gina jiki, wannan ya isa ya kula da tsinkayen sukari da jin daɗin rayuwa a cikin al'ada.

Idan ciwon sukari a cikin yara ya nuna jin dadi kuma ya tsokani ketoacidosis, za a buƙaci maye gurbin insulin. Bayan gyaran kafa glucose da kuma rage samar da jikin ketone, zaka iya dakatar da allurar hormone. Don sarrafa tsarin cuta, ana amfani da kwayoyi masu tsalle-tsalle a cikin Allunan. Abincin kawai na wannan rukuni, an yarda don amfani a yara - Metformin.