Daidaita tsakanin maza da namiji - menene ma'anar wannan, mahimmanci, asali ko gaskiya?

Halin daidaito tsakanin maza da mata a cikin sauyewar sauyewar zamani na zamani shine sabon yanayin cigaba da bunkasa dangantaka a cikin al'umma inda babu wanda ake zalunta. Ƙasashen Turai suna ganin wannan a matsayin bunkasa tattalin arziki, ci gaba da masana'antu daban-daban, kuma, a gaba ɗaya, don farin ciki na mutum. Sauran jihohi suna ganin daidaito tsakanin maza da mace kamar barazana ga rushewar hadisai.

Mene ne daidaito tsakanin jinsi?

Menene ma'anar daidaito tsakanin jinsi? Wannan shi ne manufar kasashe masu tasowa, inda ake sanya akidar cewa mutum, ko namiji ko mace, yana da irin wannan hakkoki da dama na zamantakewa . Wannan samfurin zamantakewa yana da sunayen sunaye iri-iri:

• daidaito na jinsi;
• daidaito tsakanin jima'i;
• jinsi-jinsi;
• daidaito mata.

Abinda aka fi dacewa akan daidaita daidaito mata

Shin daidaitaccen jinsi yana yiwuwa? Wasu ƙasashe (Denmark, Sweden, Finland) sun riga sun amsa wannan tambaya kuma bisa ga binciken wannan abu, sun gabatar da ka'idojin da za a iya yanke hukunci game da daidaito mata:

• haɓaka mata a cikin harkokin siyasa da tattalin arziki na kasar;
• Daidaita daidai ga maza biyu;
• bawa maza su tafi don kula da yaron da aka haifa a cikin iyali;
• rashin nuna bambanci a wurin aiki, a cikin gabatar da matakan aiki, sayen kowane sana'a;
• canjin jima'i idan ana so.

Matsaloli na daidaito tsakanin jinsi

Shin daidaito tsakanin mata da namiji daidai ne? Mazaunan ƙasashe da yawa suna tambayar wannan tambaya. Ba duka jihohi suna aiwatar da shirye-shirye don tabbatar da daidaito mata ba kuma wannan ya dogara da dalilai da yawa. Kasashen da ke da hanyar rayuwar iyalin gargajiya, dubi cikin daidaito tsakanin jinsi da halakar tsofaffin hadisai. Duniya musulmi ya fahimci daidaito tsakanin mace da namiji.

Tsarin duniya na daidaito mata

Hukuncin daidaito tsakanin mata da namiji a cikin doka an kafa shi ta Tsarin Mulki na 1952 da 1967. A shekara ta 1997, Ƙungiyar Tarayyar Turai ta haɓaka ka'idodin daidaito mata:

• Daidaita daidai da maza da mata a wurin aiki;
• aminci ya kasance a wurin aiki na ciki, kwanan nan da aka haifi haihuwa da lactating;
• Daidaita kuɗin aikin aiki;
• da sanya takunkumi ga shugabannin da suka nuna bambanci.

Daidaita daidaito tsakanin maza da mata a duniya ta zamani

Dokar daidaita daidaito tsakanin maza da mata a ƙasar Nordic (tsarin Scandinavian). Ana kuma ba da muhimmanci ga wakilcin mata a cikin gwamnati a kasashe kamar Netherlands, Ireland, Jamus. A Kanada, akwai hukumomi masu izini na musamman: Ma'aikatar Harkokin Harkokin Mata, Yankin Ƙasar Ma'aikata na Ƙungiyar Ƙirƙashin Ƙasa na Kanada. Amurka a 1963 - shekaru 1964. ya amince da dokoki game da biya daidai da kuma hana nuna bambanci.

Tsarin mata da daidaita daidaito mata

Halin daidaito tsakanin maza da mata a cikin zamani ta samo asali ne a cikin irin wannan zamantakewar al'umma kamar mata , mata sun bayyana kansu a cikin hanyar mace a cikin karni na 19. - wannan ita ce karon farko na ƙungiyar mata don 'yancin jefa kuri'a, sa'an nan kuma daga 1960 - zabin na biyu don daidaitakar zamantakewa da maza. Matsayi na zamani na mata, sabon zamani, farfesa na daidaito tsakanin jinsi da daidaito ya bayyana a cikin gaskiyar cewa namiji da mace daidai yake da juna, yayin da mace tana da ainihin mata - mace, da namiji.

Sabuwar Shekarar mace ta furta cewa ba namiji ko mace ya kamata ya ji kunya game da nau'in jinsin su kuma suna da 'yanci don yada su kamar yadda kake so, jinsi na iya ba daidai ba da jima'i jima'i kuma yana hade da abin da mutum yake ganin kansa. Sauran dabi'un mata suna tallafa wa daidaito tsakanin maza da mata daidai da daidaito ba tare da la'akari da launin fata, kabilanci, launin fata ba.

Hada daidaito tsakanin maza da mata a duniya na aiki

Ka'idar daidaito tsakanin maza da namiji yana nuna cewa maza da mata suna da hakki iri ɗaya a kowane matsayi a cikin jama'a ko na zaman kansu. Abu mai mahimmanci a nan shi ne yiwuwar mace ta karbi ladan ba kasa da mutumin da yake aiki a cikin wannan filin. A gaskiya ma, daidaito tsakanin mata da maza a cikin kasuwa na aiki a kasashe daban-daban yana cikin matakai daban-daban na ci gaba. Hada daidaito tsakanin maza da mata yana jagoranci a kasashen EU. Daga cikin kasashen CIS shine Belarus, Rasha wata ƙasa ce ta hanyar al'adar gargajiya da ba ta goyi bayan daidaito mata daidai ba.

Daidaita daidaito tsakanin maza da mata

Halin daidaito tsakanin maza da mata yana lalata iyali, in ji Mastocin Moscow, Archpriest Alexander Kuzin, dogara ga dokar Allah. Dole ga tsarin iyali ya kasance mai ra'ayin mazan jiya kuma ba a canzawa ba, kuma cin mutunci ya rushe iyali na gargajiya. Ɗaukacin binciken da aka yi a manyan kamfanonin Sweden da aka gudanar don bincika tasiri na daidaitaccen jinsi na matsayin mahaifin da mahaifiyar na iya haifar da mummunar cuta a cikin yara. Wadannan ko wasu ɓatacce na faruwa a cikin kashi 23 cikin dari na yara a cikin iyali na gargajiya, kashi 28 cikin 100 na yara suna zaune a cikin iyalai na yau da kullum, kuma kashi 42% na yara ne daga iyalai masu juna biyu.

Ra'ayin Gidajen Hanya na Gender

A kowace shekara, Cibiyar Harkokin Tattalin Arziki ta Duniya ta bayar da rahoto (Global Gender Gap Report) ga kasashe daban-daban, bisa la'akari da binciken 4 ma'auni:

• da aiwatar da mata a cikin tattalin arziki da dama da suke hade da shi;
• ilimi;
• rabo daga cikin jima'i na yara haife;
• da aiwatar da mata a harkokin siyasa.

Ana nazarin bayanan da aka ba da kuma an ƙaddamar da asalin kasashe akan daidaito mata. A yau, wannan bayanin, wanda aka karɓa a cikin nazarin kasashe 144, yayi kama da wannan:

1. Iceland;
2. Norway;
3. Finland;
4. Rwanda;
5. Sweden;
6. Slovenia;
7. Nicaragua;
8. Ireland;
9. New Zealand;
10. Philippines.

Sauran ƙasashe, ba a haɗa su a cikin 10-saman ba, sun rarraba kamar haka:

• Jamhuriyar Belarus - 26th place;
• Kazakhstan - 51;
• Ukraine - 61;
• Rasha - 71;
• Kyrgyzstan - 81;
• Georgia - 94;
• Armeniya - 97;
• Tajikistan - 98.

Gender Equality a Rasha

Matsayin mace har ma kafin kwanakin baya A cikin Rasha an dauke shi marar kuskure, daga mawallafan tarihi, Dokar Cathedral na 1649, idan mace ta kashe mijinta ta binne ta da rai a ƙasa, kuma mijin da ya kashe matarsa ​​an yi masa tuba kawai. Abinda ke bin hakkin dan Adam ya kasance a cikin maza. A lokacin mulkin Rasha, dokokin sun ci gaba da kare mafi yawan mutane kuma har zuwa 1917 an haramta Rasha ta shiga cikin manyan al'amura na jihar. Yunkurin Oktoba na shekarar 1917 ya kawo wa Bolshevik ikon iko da sake fasalin dangantaka tsakanin jima'i.

A watan Satumbar 1918, ikon majalisa ya jagoranci mata da maza a cikin iyali da kuma samar da su. A shekara ta 1980, Rasha ta kulla Yarjejeniyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya game da kawar da bambanci tsakanin mata da namiji, amma dokar da ta shafi daidaito tsakanin maza da mata a Rasha ba ta karbe shi ba, 'yan sanda sun yi kira ga Kundin Tsarin Mulki, wanda ya riga ya sami labarin 19.2, wanda ya nuna cewa ko da wane irin jima'i, kowane ɗan ƙasa yana da 'yanci daidai da' yanci da gwamnati ta kare.

Daidaita Ma'aurata a Turai

Halin daidaito tsakanin maza da mata a Turai a yau ana la'akari da tushen zamantakewar zamantakewa na 'yan ƙasa. Manufofin daidaita daidaito tsakanin mata da namiji sun samu nasara a cikin kasashe irin su Norway, Finland da Sweden, Denmark, Iceland. Abubuwan da ke taimaka wa ci gaba da manufofin daidaito tsakanin maza da mata:

1. Dimokuradiyya da zamantakewar jama'a suna maida hankalin kafa tsarin jihar inda lafiyar ɗan adam ba ya dogara ne akan jinsi. An tsara hakkokin bil'adama don kare daidaito mata.
2. Akwai duk wani ilimi da aiki ga mata. Matsayi mafi girma ga mata a Iceland (fiye da 72% na mata) da Denmark (game da 80%). Yawancin mata suna da matsayi a cikin tattalin arzikin jama'a, yayin da maza suna cikin gida. A Denmark, tun 1976, an yarda da dokar da ta dace akan maza da mata. A Sweden, tun 1974, akwai tsarin mulki, bisa ga abin da kashi 40 cikin dari na aikin ke adana mata.
3. Ma'aikatar mata a cikin kayan aiki. Norwegians sun yi imanin cewa jin dadin kasar ya dogara ne akan haɗin mata a cikin gwamnonin, da Sweden da Finland, inda fiye da kashi 40% na mata suna da ofisoshin gwamnati.
4. Ƙaddamar da dokokin nuna rashin nuna bambanci. A cikin kasashe biyar na Arewacin Turai a farkon rabin 90 na. an amince da dokoki game da daidaita daidaito tsakanin maza da mata a kowane bangare na rayuwa, wanda ya hana nuna bambanci kai tsaye da nuna bambanci akan maza da mata.
5. Halittar wasu hanyoyin da za a tabbatar da daidaita daidaito (tsarin zamantakewa, bangarori na daidaito). Masana na musamman sun lura da inganta cigaba da daidaito tsakanin mata da namiji.
6. Taimaka wa mata motsi. A cikin shekarar 1961, memba na Jam'iyyar Jama'ar Sweden ta rubuta wata mujallar Turanci ta Harkokin Mata, wadda ta kawo karshen muhawarar da kuma aiwatar da wannan shiri don cimma nasarar daidaito, an bude wuraren da aka magance rikice-rikice ga matan da ke fama da tashin hankali daga mazajensu, da cibiyoyin da suka samu tallafin kudi daga jihar. Harkokin mata na daidaito sun fara samuwa a cikin wasu ƙasashe na Arewacin Turai.

Ranar daidaito mata

Ranar ranar daidaito tsakanin mata da namiji - kwanan wata ranar shahararren mata na duniya a ranar 8 ga watan Maris an dauka matsayin ranar daidaito ga mata a ƙasashen Turai, tare da maza don samun nauyin daidai, da hakkin yin karatu da karɓar duk wani sana'a, don rike manyan posts. An fara aiwatar da wannan tsari ta hanyar yakin ma'aikata a shekara ta 1857. Ma'aikatan namiji na daidaita daidaito tsakanin maza da namiji sune ranar hutu na duniya, wanda kwanan wata ne Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta kafa ranar 19 ga watan Nuwamba kuma an yi bikin a cikin kasashe 60.