Haikali Sophia a Constantinople (yanzu Istanbul ) an gina shi a karni na 4 AD. A tsakiyar karni na 16 tun daga lokacin da 'yan Turkiya Ottoman suka kama birnin Turai, fadar ta zama masallacin Islama. A 1935, Cathedral Hagia Sophia a Istanbul ya sami matsayi na gidan kayan gargajiya, kuma a 1985 an haɗa shi a matsayin Tarihin Duniya na Duniya na tarihi a tarihi.
Ina Hagia Sophia?
Alamar sanannen babban Byzantium yanzu ana kiransa Museum of Aya-Sophia kuma yana cikin gundumar tarihi na Sultanahmet - a tsohuwar cibiyar Turkish Istanbul.
Wanene ya gina Hagia Sophia?
Tarihin babban coci na St. Sophia ya fara ne a farkon kwata na karni na IV a zamanin mulkin Romawa Constantine mai girma - wanda ya kafa babban birnin kasar Constantinople. A 1380 Sarkin sarakuna Theodosius na ba Ikilisiya zuwa Kiristocin Orthodox kuma na nada Akbishop Gregory Theologian. Sau da yawa an kaddamar da babban coci saboda sakamakon hasken wuta. A shekara ta 1453, haikalin Hagia Sophia ya zama masallaci, an gina gine-gine hudu da ɗakunan gini a kusa da shi, ya sake juyawa tsarin al'ada, kuma ya rufe ɗakin majalisa. Sai kawai bayan da aka bayyana Hagia Sophia a gidan kayan gargajiya, sun yayata filayen filayen daga frescoes da mosaics.
Architecture na Hagia Sophia
A sakamakon sauye-gyaren da yawa da sakewa daga ginin asalin, kusan babu abin da ya kasance. Amma a gaba ɗaya, gine-gine na tsari mai girma yana riƙe da siffofin da ke ciki ta hanyar Byzantine art: haɗin haɗuwa da ƙawa da kuma tsabta. A yau, Hagia Sophia a Turkiyya wani tsari ne wanda yake da nau'i uku. Basilica tana hade da wani dutse mai girma wanda ya kunshi arba'in arches da goyan bayan magunguna na malachite da alkama. A cikin ɓangaren ɓangare na dudduba 40, in baya, 5 windows suna cikin kowane niche. Ƙwararrun ƙarfin da ƙarfin ganuwar, bisa ga masana, an bayar da shi akan gaskiyar cewa an cire wani ɓangaren ash ganye zuwa turmi.
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Musamman kyautar ita ce ado na ciki na babban coci: bayanai game da launi mai launin fata, zane-zane na zane-zane, zane-zane na mosaic a kan ganuwar, yana nuna littafi mai tsarki da kuma abubuwan tarihi, da kuma kayan ado na fure. A cikin aikin mosaic na aiki guda uku na ci gaba da wannan fasahar fasaha an rarrabe a bayyane, wanda ke nuna alamar yin amfani da launi da ƙirƙirar hoto.
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Ganin haikalin yana da ginshiƙan jasper guda takwas na launin kore, wanda ya kawo sau ɗaya daga haikalin Artemis a Afisa , kuma "shahararren kuka". Bisa ga imani, idan ka taɓa ramin a cikin shafi wanda aka rufe tare da yadudduka na jan ƙarfe kuma a lokaci guda ji jin dadi, to, zullumin boye zai faru.
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Sashin Aya-Sophia shine hade da hotunan alamomin Kirista, Yesu Almasihu, Uwar Allah, tsarkaka, annabawa na Tsohon Alkawari da kuma ɗaga daga Kur'ani, wanda yake a kan manyan garkuwa. Batu na musamman shine rubutun da aka yi a kan dutsen dutse a tsawon ƙarni. Yawancin duniyan sune tseren Scandinavia, wadanda Warriors-Varangians suka bar a tsakiyar zamani. Yanzu an rufe su da kayan aiki na musamman masu nauyi waɗanda suke kare bayanan da ake yiwa daga sharewa.
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A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, an gudanar da kamfanin mai yawa domin dawo da Hagia Sophia zuwa Kristanci Orthodox, kamar yadda aka tsara. Krista a ƙasashe da dama na duniya sun hada da buƙatar mayar da dattawa zuwa Orthodoxy, don haka masu bi suna da zarafi su yi addu'a cikin coci.