Girma pepino (ko melon pear) ya fito ne daga Kudancin Amirka. Sunan bai kasance bace ba. 'Ya'yanta suna kama da pear a siffar, amma dandano kamar guna. Suna kullun ƙishirwa da shayarwa. Za'a iya cin 'ya'yan itacen, an saka shi da salads, dried, daskararre, gwangwani, dafa da' ya'yan itatuwa da 'ya'yan itace.
Melon Pear Pear
Mutane da yawa sun yi mamaki game da pepino - mece ce wannan shuka, wadda ta zama ta kowa a cikin 'yan shekarun nan? Al'adu yana nufin iyalin Solanaceae, kamar tumatir ko dankali . Ganye shine reshe mai karfi, mai karfi, shuki-arboreal shrub tare da tsawo na mita 1.5 da karamin kauri na 5-7 mm. Yana da kyau, girma a bude ko rufe ƙasa.
Kwancen Pepin suna tattarawa a cikin ƙwayoyin cuta, irin su dankalin turawa. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari ne mai tsami, rawaya ko orange, jiki yana rufe da fata tare da gwiwar launin toka, tsaba a ciki ƙananan. 'Ya'yan itace mai dadi ne kuma m don dandana kuma mai dadi, yana da tsawon har zuwa 17 cm da nauyin har zuwa 750 grams. A wani lokaci daga wani daji yana yiwuwa a cire har zuwa 7 kilogiram na 'ya'yan itace, da kuma noma a cikin tukwane - 5 kg. 'Ya'yan itace ne mai gina jiki da mahimmanci - mai arziki a carotene, baƙin ƙarfe, pectin, bitamin, aidin.
Pepino maki
Gwaran na guna yana da nau'i na musamman guda biyu waɗanda suke girma a ƙasashen jiharmu - Consuelo da Ramses. An san su a cikin lambu, tun shekara 2000 an haɗa su a cikin Littafin Jihar kamar yadda ya fi dacewa. Hanyoyi na irin nau'in gwangwalin melon:
- Pepino Ramses . Girbi, da wuri-ripening, resistant zuwa m dalilai sa. Ya mai tushe ne tsayayye, m, kore tare da violet impregnations. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari suna da launin launin launin launin launin launin launin launin launin launin fata, kusan kwakwalwa, ɓangaren litattafan almara, nauyin kilogram 750. Wasu lokuta suna da ɗanɗanon dandano mai laushi, kuma an nuna malon mai rauni.
- Pepino Consuelo . Har ila yau, yawan amfanin ƙasa, amma ba ta da tsayayya ga magunguna masu yawa, mafi mahimmanci-ripening. A shuka yana da ƙananan ƙwayar lilac mai tushe har zuwa 2 m a tsawon. Bar kama siffofin barkono. 'Ya'yan itãcen Consuelo suna da launi masu launin, suna da ƙyalle mai launi mai launin rawaya. Babban amfani da iri-iri shine kyakkyawan halaye na pepino a matsayin 'ya'yan itace. Yana da dandano mai dadi da ƙanshi, kama da guna. Idan 'ya'yan itace sun cike, yana da taushi sosai da zai iya bugu kamar ruwan' ya'yan itace ta hanyar bambaro. 'Ya'yan itatuwa sun fi ƙasa da na Ramses, yawancin su ya kai 620 grams.
Yadda za a yi girma pepino?
Kayan zuma mai sauƙi yana da sauƙin noma tare da taimakon tsaba ko cuttings. Kodayake al'ada ce mai tsawo, yana da tushe a kowace shekara, kamar yadda aka yi da tumatir ko barkono. Ganye yana son rana da zafi, daga dasa shuki don shuka girbi daukan watanni 4-5. Sakamakon zafin jiki na dacewa na pepino, girma irin wannan 'ya'yan itace a gida shine 18-25 ° C. A cikin zafi a sama da 26 ° C, 'ya'yan itace ba za su iya ɗaure ba.
Pepino - girma daga tsaba
Don samun matakan girma na pepino daga tsaba a gida a watan Mayu, dasa zai fara a watan Nuwamba-Disamba. A tsaba suna yayyafa dan kadan tare da sako-sako da ƙasa. Don kare lafiyar, an rufe bishiyoyi da fim. Seedlings suna squashed bayan kwanaki 5-7. A wannan lokacin harbe yana buƙatar hasken haske na haske. A cikin lokaci na 2-3 ganye, an sanya seedlings a cikin kofuna waɗanda, zurfafa zuwa cotyledons da kuma rufe tare da fim. An rage bayanan baya zuwa 14 hours a rana, kusa da Maris an dakatar da shi. Da lokacin saukowa a cikin ƙasa, wajibi ne ya kai 10 cm a tsayi kuma ya samo 8 ganye.
Reproduction na pepino ta hanyar cuttings
Shuka da ninka gwanin melon tare da safest detachments. A kowace shekara don girma da 'ya'yan itace da kanka, kana buƙatar samun ƙwayar yarinya. Tsarin tsirrai da aka zaɓa a cikin kaka yana canjawa zuwa cikin baho kuma ya kawo cikin gidan. Harbe rage shi ta kashi daya na uku, an rage gurasar, ya kamata a kiyaye daji a zafin jiki na + 8 ° C. A ƙarshen hunturu, an ajiye tanki a cikin daki da yanayin + 16 ° C, karuwar watering.
A kan tambaya, lokacin da cututtuka na pepino, masu amsa lambu sun amsa - a tsakiyar Fabrairu. Daga cikin samfurori da aka ƙwace, an ba da rabuwa da tsaka-tsalle na harbe da 7. An cire ƙananan ƙananan 2, ana harbe harbe a cikin ruwa, bayan kwanaki 5-7, ana kwashe su da yawa a kan su. Sa'an nan kuma ana shuka shuki a cikin kofuna waɗanda aka zubar tare da ramuka don cire ruwa, ana kula da su kafin lokacin saukarwa a cikin rufin.
Pepino - kula
Gwaran kilon ne ya girma a cikin wani gine-gine, ƙasa mai bude ko a cikin tukwane da ƙarar lita 5. A cikin rufaffiyar greenhouse, an dasa shuka a tsakiyar watan Afrilu, wannan zai ba da damar tsawanta tsire-tsire na tsire-tsire kuma girbi girbi. A cikin sararin samaniya, yana da sauƙi don shuka shuka - akwai zaka iya daidaita yawan zafin jiki. A cikin ƙasa da aka fara fitowa daga bishiyar pelon da aka shuka a baya - a watan Mayu, yayin hadarin damuwa maras kyau ya zama kadan. Lokacin da aka tambaye ta yaya za a tayar da pepino a gida, ana shawarci dacha ya dauki tuban tare da daji akan baranda a kwanakin dumi. Al'adu na bukatar iska mai haske da hasken rana.
Yaya za a dasa shukar pepino?
Kafin dasa shuki da tsire-tsire ne mafi alhẽri ga rike da maganin potassium permanganate. Pepino - saukowa da kulawa mai kyau:
- layuka suna shirye tare da tsaka-tsaki tsakanin su na 70 cm;
- Ana amfani da taki: takin 4 kg / m 2;
- seedlings ana shuka su a cikin staggered domin sabõda haka akwai rata na 50 cm tsakanin bushes;
- An shayar da tsirrai kuma yana cike da ƙasa mai bushe. Wannan yana rage evaporation na danshi, kuma inganta yanayi don ci gaban sprouts;
- mafi kyau saukowa da maraice.
Melon bishiyar pepino - kasar gona
Daji na kilon pear ji da kyau a cikin ƙasa tare da tsaka tsaki acidity, da aerated. Ƙasa ya kamata ta kasance ba tare da wuce gona da iri ba, wanda zai haifar da karfi mai girma a cikin ƙananan ƙwayar ƙwayar haihuwa. Mafi kyawun magajin pepino a kasar sune albasa, kokwamba, wake , tafarnuwa. Bayan girbi girbi na farko, duniya tana narkewa, barrantar weeds da ragowar asalinsu.
A cikin fall, kayan lambu da kuma ma'adinai potash phosphorus ciyar da aka gabatar cikin shi. A cikin bazara, ƙasa ta sake komawa don ci gaba da cike da danshi. Ana ciyar da naman pelon ne a kowane wata. An fara yin kayan shafa na kwanaki 10-14 bayan fitarwa, na biyu - bayan an ɗaure 'ya'yan itace, to - kowane mako biyu. Kayan shuka ya dace sosai da taki (1: 7), ko tsuntsaye (1:20).
Pepino a kan windowsill - watering
Lokacin da za a yanke shawara don noma pepino a gida, ya fi kyau a ajiye shi a sashin kudu masoya, saboda yana da ƙauna sosai. Don shayar da pelon a cikin ƙofar ko cikin gida yana da muhimmanci a matsakaici - ba zai fitar da ruwa ba kuma yana da sauƙin mamaki. Yi watsi da ƙasa a kowane 'yan kwanaki, ba dole ba ne ka bar shi ya bushe - a lokaci guda kananan ƙananan suna mutuwa, kuma tsire-tsire suna kwashe ɗakin da ovary. Ana zuba ruwa mai laushi, to, idan an yi amfani da dunƙule mai laushi zuwa zurfin 1 cm.
Lokacin da Pepino Consuelo ya yi fariya?
Yi farin ciki tare da furanni na mankana mai shekaru 70-85 bayan fitowar. Corollas a kan pepin yayi kama da dankalin turawa. Ana tattara furanni masu yawa a cikin kungiyoyi, har zuwa guda 20 a kowace. Kwayoyin suna da fararen launi. Ana nuna 'ya'yan itatuwa daga ƙarshen Maris zuwa Mayu. Tsire-tsire ne mai gurɓataccen mutum, amma yana da kyau don girgiza shi a hankali don samuwar 'ya'yan itace a lokacin flowering. A watan Yuni, bayan kwanakin suka yi tsawo kuma yawan zafin jiki ya tashi, ba a sake gina ovary ba.
Tambaya dalilin da yasa Pepino bai yi fure ba, kana bukatar sanin cewa wannan al'ada yana da ƙaunar zafi, amma yana buƙatar wani microclimate. Yanayi mafi kyau ga samuwa na ovary shine nau'i 20-25. Yana da sauki don ƙirƙirar su a cikin wani greenhouse. Lokacin kula da shuka a cikin ƙasa, akwai matsaloli da yawa. Sultry rani a +30? C da shuka ba ta yi fure ba ko a kan shi bakararre farin corollas an kafa, wanda kawai crumble. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari suna ɗaure ne kawai a kan buds tare da ratsan lalac.
Idan yanayi ya dace, za a yi farin ciki tare da 'ya'yan itatuwa masu' ya'yan itace a watan Satumba. Daga lokacin bayyanar furanni zuwa ripening daga cikin 'ya'yan itace yana daukar watanni 2.5-3. A wannan lokaci sun zama taushi, samun haske mai launin rawaya ko launi mai launi, a kan kwasfa yana nuna alamar lilac mai tsanani. Kwayar 'ya'yan itace cikakke sauƙaƙe ne tare da yatsunsu, har ma fiye da tumatir. Ya kamata a cire 'ya'yan itatuwa daga tsire-tsire a lokaci - kadan sauƙi a cikin firiji yakan sauke shi, inda za a adana shi har tsawon watanni 2.
Yaushe zan fara papin?
Hanyar karimci a noma na pepino guna (guna) - pasynkovanie da taye na wani shuka. Al'adu yana da karfi sosai kuma yana samar da hanyoyi masu yawa. An cire matakai idan sun kai tsawon mita 3-5. A kan karawa kana buƙatar barin kananan penechki (0.5-1 cm), wanda zai hana bayyanar sabo a cikin sinusin wannan ganye. An umurci daji don yin amfani da shi akai-akai - kowane mako.
Bayan an shuka shuke-shuke, a kan gado kana buƙatar gyara kayan goyon bayan (bututu, kayan aiki, katako na katako) tare da tsawo har zuwa 80 cm. Kamar yadda mai tushe ya girma, an ɗaura su da layi. Cibiyar da ba a warware ba tare da pasynkovaniya ƙarƙashin rinjayar nauyin wilts na kansa, shimfidawa a ƙasa, rassansa sunyi tushe kuma ba su haifar da 'ya'ya ba. Ginawar daji da ƙulla ya sa al'ada su yi amfani da makamashin hasken rana mai kyau.
Cututtuka na pepino
Pepino yana fama da cututtukan cututtuka da kuma nau'o'in tumatir tumatir, eggplants da barkono. Babban matsalolin noma:
- Babban kwari ne aphids, whitefly, Colorado ƙwaro. Daga magungunan sinadaran da ake amfani dasu suna amfani da su: kwari (Actellik, Confidor, Fosbitsid) don halakar whiteflies da aphids; Acaricides (Carbofos) daga gizo-gizo gizo-gizo.
- Yarda da gwanin melon da cututtuka: harbe ganimar "black kafa", don haka wannan bai faru ba, an riga an yi amfani da matakan manganese.
- Lokacin da kasar gona ta ragu, tsire-tsire-tsire ya bayyana ya kawar da cutar, ya wajaba a kwantar da ƙasa tare da jan karfe sulfate, maye gurbin ƙasa mai laushi ta ƙasa tare da ƙasa mai kyau, rage watering.
- A rabi na biyu na ciyayi, shrub zai iya bugun phytophthora. Yarda da shi tare da taimakon madarar whero ko magani magani Fitosporin - shayar sau ɗaya a mako.
- Gidan yana mai saukin kamuwa da cutar mai cutar nightshade: da pepino ya bushe, shafukan da aka shafa sun yi duhu. Ba a bi da cutar ba, hanyar da za a hana ta haifuwa ita ce kawar da katako da aka shafi.
Babu kwayoyi don yaki da cututtuka da kwari don pepino, saboda wannan ma'anar ana amfani da wannan taimako don kare tumatir, eggplant da sauran shuke-shuke nightshade. Don kada kayi amfani da ilmin sunadarai, zaka iya yin jigilar taba, yarrow, tafarnuwa ko barkon albasa da kuma fatar pepino daga sprayer sau ɗaya a mako. Kafin ka aika samfurin mahaifi don hunturu, dole ne a shafe shi da mafita mai mahimmanci.