Fata shi ne mafi girma kwayoyin halitta, wanda yawansa ya kasance game da sau uku na hanta. Ganin lamarin muhalli masu haɗari, fata shine kariya mai karewa ga jiki, kuma yana shiga cikin matakai na thermoregulation, metabolism, respiration. Tsarin tarihin fata na jikin mutum yana da wuyar gaske, sabili da haka zamu yi la'akari da shi a cikin mafi sauƙi irin.
Skin yadudduka
Fatar jikin mutum an wakilta shi ne ta uku:
- epidermis, wanda a biyun ya kunshi nau'i biyar;
- dermis - nama mai launi guda biyu;
- hypodermis ko ƙwayar cutarwa.
Matsayi na sama (matsananci) shine epidermis, wanda kaurinsa ya bambanta a sassa daban daban na jiki. Dangane da wannan, an rarraba fata a lokacin farin ciki (a kan soles, dabino) da na bakin ciki (a sauran sassa na jiki).
Fatar jiki yana karawa da kayanta (appendages):
- kusoshi;
- gashi;
- Gudun gumi;
- gilashi.
Epidermis
A cikin epidermis babu jini - Kwayoyin suna ciyar da su ta hanyar intercellular space.
Layer na epidermis:
- horny - m Layer, kunsha na keratinizing epithelium; Kwayoyinta suna cike da protein keratin, kuma, a gaskiya, sun riga sun mutu;
- haske - cike da nauyin gina jiki na musamman wanda yake ƙin haske;
- granular - wakilci 1-5 layuka na flattened Kwayoyin;
- spiny - kunshi 3-8 layuka na sel tare da cytoplasmic outgrowths;
- Basal - Layer mafi ƙanƙanci, wadda take a kan ƙananan kwalliya, a gefen gefen dermos, kuma ya ƙunshi epithelium mai mahimmanci.
Kwayoyin tsarin stratum corneum suna shafewa, an maye gurbinsu da sababbin mutane, suna tafiya daga zurfin layi.
Dermis da hypodermis
Tsarin layuka (ainihin fata) wakilci ne na biyu.
A cikin labarun papillary sune kwayoyin halitta mai laushi, wanda aka haɗa da kwararan gashi, ƙuƙwalwar ƙwayoyi da kuma capillaries. Da ke ƙasa da jaririn shine takarda mai launi, wakilta mai laushi, mai laushi da ƙwayoyin collagen, saboda abin da fatar jiki ke da tsayayye.
Sashin bishiyoyi ko hypoderma yana kunshe da sutura na tarawa da kuma kayan haɗi. A nan, kayan abinci suna tara kuma adana su.
Skin daga fuska
Tsarin jikin mutum yana da ɗan bambanci a wasu sassan jiki.
A cikin fuska fuska shine ƙananan ƙwayar launi - wannan ma yana ƙayyade yanayin jikin fata. Dangane da adadin ɓoye da ɓoye yake ɓoyewa, gwaninta ne don rarraba fata a cikin mai, al'ada, bushe da hade. Around da idanu da kuma a kan eyelids ne yankin na thinnest epidermal Layer. Fatar fuskar ta fi dacewa da tasirin yanayi da yanayin muhalli, sabili da haka yana bukatar kulawa na musamman.
Skin na hannu
A kan dabino (da kuma a kan kwanyar ƙafafun) babu gashin gashi da gashin tsuntsaye, amma gurasar gurasar a cikin wadannan wurare sun fi yawa - saboda kayan da suka fito, hannayensu ba su zamewa lokacin motsi ba. Tsarin launin fata na hannun hannu ya bambanta fiye da ƙwayar sutura. A baya na dabino, fatar jiki mai laushi ne, mai taushi da m - godiya ga waɗannan siffofin mutum zai iya yatsan yatsunsu.
Skin na kai
Sakamakon tsarin gyaran kafa ya kasance a gaban gashin gashi, wanda aka samo shi ta hanyar kama albarkatun albarkatun haɗin gwanon, wadda ke cikin jakar jakar. Ƙunƙasasshen ƙarshen kwan fitila an kira tushen, gashin kanta yana tsiro daga gare ta. Sashin da yake a sama da epidermis ana kiransa gashin gashi, a kusa da shi ne ƙarshen abin da ke tattare da shi da kuma gland. Ga papilla, ƙarancin ciwon daji da kuma capillaries da ke ciyar da kwanciyar hankali da kuma gashin gashi sun dace.
Ayyukan Lafiya
Abinda ke ciki da kuma tsarin fata yana ƙayyade muhimmancinsa da kuma manyan ayyuka:
- Tsaro (daga tasirin sunadarai, UV-haskoki, asarar danshi);
- thermoregulatory (godiya ga evaporation na gumi da zafi radiation);
- excretory (excretion of salts, kayayyakin rayuwa, kwayoyi tare da gumi);
- endocrine da na rayuwa (kira na hormones, tarawa na bitamin D);
- mai karɓa (saboda cututtukan jijiya);
- ba da rigakafi (sa hannu a cikin samuwar amsawa ba tare da amsa ba).