Da yawa daga cikinmu ba su san tushen tushe ba, girma da kula da shi yana da kyau a yi a kan shirin kai kanka, wanda ya sa ya zama bako mai kyau a cikin gadaje. Wannan tushen shi ne ainihin storehouse da bitamin da kuma m microelements. An ajiye shi sosai a cikin ginshiki ba tare da kula da yawa ba kuma za'a iya amfani dashi don abinci a duk lokacin hunturu.
Menene tushen tushen seleri?
Tushen seleri yana kama da zagaye da tsire-tsire masu tsami tare da ƙanshi mai ƙanshi da nama na dandano mai dadi. A diamita, zai kai 10 zuwa 20 cm A kan ɓangaren ƙananan amfanin gona akwai tushen matakan, a saman daga bisan yayi tare da ganye. Da farko kallo, tushen yana kama da wani farfadowa a kan kuka da wani itace. Gaba ɗaya, yana da kyau sosai. Tsaba na tushen seleri irinsu ne ƙananan girman, kama da tsaba da karas, amma ƙananan duwatsu suna da duhu.
Tushen seleri - iri
Da samun ra'ayin abin da tushen seleri yake kama da shi, zaku iya shiga cikin iri-iri, wato, a cikin iri-iri. Sun bambanta, da farko, ta balagar girbi. Saboda haka, farkon irin tushen seleri :
- Giant mai suna Prague . Daga lokacin fitowar zuwa girbi, kwanaki 120 sun wuce. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari ne babba, wanda aka sake da shi, tare da nama mai laushi, wanda yana da ƙanshi mai ƙanshin gaske.
- "Diamond" . Yayin da ake ciyayi shine kwanaki 150. Gwargwadon nauyin nauyin 200 grams, ɓangaren litattafan almara ne fari kuma yana kare launi bayan dafa abinci.
- "Cascade . " Lokaci na ripening yana da kwanaki 150 bayan fitowar. Tushen suna tasowa, matsakaici a girman, tare da fararen nama wanda baya canzawa bayan dafa abinci.
Girma-ripened tushen seleri - girma da kula da shi daukan har zuwa 180 days:
- "Mai karfi" . Girbi yana faruwa kwanaki 170 bayan fitowar. A wannan lokaci, tushen amfanin gona ya sami nauyin 400 grams. Suna da nau'i mai siffar, jiki yana da launin rawaya, tare da ƙanshi mai haske.
- "Egor" . Daga farko harbe zuwa cika maturation ne 180 days. Tushen suna da laushi, zagaye, tare da launin toka da fata.
- "Giant . " Dukan 'ya'yan itatuwa masu tasowa sun kai nauyin kilogram 700, kwasfaccen haske ne, jiki yana da fari, tare da ƙanshi mai dadi da dandano mai dadi.
Late tushen seleri iri:
- Anita . Yawancin lokaci, tsawon lokacin yana da kwanaki 160. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari ne m, tare da nauyi har zuwa 400 grams, tare da mai haske fata fata, wani snow-farin jiki m.
- "Maxim" . Yawancin lokacin girbi na amfanin gona shine kwanaki 200. Namansu yana da m, mai tsami-fari, tare da dandano mai dadi. Nauyin kowace 'ya'yan itace ya kai 500 grams.
Ganye tushen seleri a cikin ƙasa bude
Saboda tsawon lokaci na maturation, tushen seleri, wanda kuke shirya don girma da kulawa da kanku, dole ne a dasa ta kawai ta hanyar seedling hanya. Tushen shuka seleri zai iya zama a cikin watan Fabarairu, a cikin matsanancin yanayi - har zuwa tsakiyar Maris. A cikin ƙasa ta bude, za'a iya dasa seedlings a tsakiyar watan Mayu, lokacin da aka kafa yanayin dumi a kan titin.
Dasa seedlings na tushen seleri
Abin da ake bukata don gudanar da aikin namo na tushen seleri seedlings:
- Shirya tsaba. Dole ne su zama sabo ne, saboda suna da sauri su rasa germination. Kafin dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa, dole ne a sanya su cikin ruwa don 1-2 days har sai an soke su. Wannan yana da mahimmanci saboda a saman an rufe su da mahimman kayan da zasu hana aiwatarwar germination.
- Shirya ƙasa. Mafi kyaun ƙasa don namo na seleri seedlings shi ne cakuda peat, humus, turf da mullein a cikin rabo daga 6: 2: 1: 1. Bambanci mafi sauƙi shine cakuda biohumus da yashi a daidai sassa.
A kan tambaya, yadda za a shuka tushen tushen seleri, zaka iya ce - sosai sannu a hankali, musamman ma a farkon kakar girma. Yana buƙatar kulawa ta musamman: kafin sauka a ƙasa, dole ne ku dashta shi , yayin da rage tushensa ta 0.5-1 cm ba tare da lura da wannan yanayin ba, ba za ku iya girma girma ba. Gwangwani a cikin tukwane na mutum, a matsayin daya daga cikin matakan tsagewa a lokacin noma, an yi shi a lokacin bayyanar ganye biyu a kan tsirrai.
Tushen seleri - yadda za a shuka tsaba?
Don haka, yadda za a shuka tushen seleri daga tsaba: don haka, ya kamata a dasa kayan da aka dasa a cikin kwalaye tare da ƙasa bisa tsarin makirci na 2x2 cm. Ko da rarraba tsaba, zaka iya amfani da tootot. Da farko, yana sa ramuka a cikin ƙasa, to, a cikin waɗannan ramukan sanya tsaba. Zaka iya cika ƙasa tare da 0.5 cm na ƙasa, bayan haka akwatin ya rufe shi da fim kuma sanya shi cikin wuri mai duhu tare da zafin jiki na + 25 ° C. Kulawa a wannan mataki yana da sauƙi: kamar yadda ake bushewa, ana zuba ƙasa daga sprayer.
Na farko shigarwar zai bayyana bayan mako guda. Da zarar tushen seleri ya tashi sama da ƙasa, dole ne a gudanar da noma da kiyayewa a zafin jiki har zuwa + 16 ° C. Ba a miƙa seedling ba, yana da muhimmanci don samar da kulawa a cikin nauyin ƙarin haske ta hanyar phytolamps . Irin wannan kulawa kamar yadda ake amfani da su a yau da kullum, shayar da iska, yin amfani da iska, dacewa a lokacin aiwatar da namo za su ba da sakamakon - seedlings zasuyi karfi da lafiya.
Girma daga tushen seleri a cikin ƙasa
A watan Mayu, tare da wasu tsire-tsire, ana dasa tushen seleri a kan gadaje, girma da kula da shi daga baya yana da nuances. Tsakanin tsire-tsire ya kamata ya kasance nisa na akalla minti 30. Lokacin da dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa, kana buƙatar kawai don rage yanayin ci gaba don ware bayyanar tushen kayan da ba dole ba. Tushen seleri da noma suna da bambanci da kula da sauran nau'in seleri. Alal misali, yanayin da ake shuka tushen seleri shine cewa yana buƙatar taimako don samar da amfanin gona.
Yadda za a kafa tushen seleri?
Mataki na farko na tushen samfurin ya bayyana a sama - wannan shine ɗaukar tushen seleri a lokacin girma seedlings. Bugu da ari, don samun kyakkyawar tushen seleri, dole ne a yi amfani da irin wannan ƙwayar daji da kulawa tare da irin wannan matakan:
- Kula da ruwan ƙasa a kan gado. Wannan wajibi ne don sa 'ya'yan itace su zama santsi da m. Ci gaba irin wannan kulawa ya zama dole har girbi, don haka yana da kyau don ƙara shugabannin. Watering ya kamata a gudanar da karfi a karkashin tushen.
- A wannan lokacin lokacin da tushen ya fara raguwa, kuna buƙatar farawa a hankali a saman ƙasa, tare da yanke yanke gaɓoɓin da wuka. Wannan zai ba shi mafi mahimmanci.
- An haramta shi ne don yayi girma a lokacin da yake girma kayan lambu - wannan kawai ya haifar da ci gaba da tsaka-tsumar launin fata, wanda zai shafe siffar amfanin gona.
- Lokaci-lokaci, a lokacin da kake girma seleri, zaka iya yanke ƙarshen ganye kuma ka yi amfani da su a cikin abinci. A wannan yanayin ba lallai ba ne wanda za a iya yanke dukkanin ganye a lokaci daya - amfanin gona mai tushe a cikin wannan batu ba zai karbe ba.
- Gyara layuka tsakanin layuka a kai a kai har sai murfin su rufe.
Yadda za a ciyar da tushen seleri?
Safiyar taya na seleri tushe a matsayin daya daga cikin muhimman lokutan barin, zai ba da kyakkyawan sakamako idan ya samar da shi sosai. Ana bada shawara da taki taki 4 na seleri a lokacin zamani:
- Bayan dasa shuki da shuka a cikin ƙasa mai kyau don ingantawa da sauri, kana buƙatar ruwa da gadaje da maganin na ganye.
- Game da wata daya daga bisani, ana ciyar da seleri tare da jiko na seleri.
- A cikin lokacin kafin Yuli 15 yana da amfani wajen ciyar da tsire-tsire tare da Azpho da monophosphate.
- A matsakaicin mataki na kai, dole ne a zubar da gadaje tare da bayani na acid acid.
Yaushe ya tsabtace tushen seleri?
Duk wanda ya san yadda za a shuka tushen seleri, yana sane cewa ba za ku iya rush girbi ba, kamar yadda seleri zai iya tsayayya da furewar kaka. Zaka iya fara digging tushen a farkon ko tsakiyar Oktoba. A wannan lokaci za su tara dukkanin abubuwan gina jiki a cikin kansu kuma zasu isa gagarumar taro. Don samun su daga ƙasa ya fi sauki, dole ne ku fara ruwa da gadaje. Dole ne kuyi aiki tare da kayan aiki sosai a hankali, don haka kada ku lalata shuke-shuke. Dug Tushen ya kamata a barye daga gefen gefen, yanke ganye kuma saka cikin ajiyar ajiya a cikin ginshiki.
Cututtuka na tushen seleri
Ko da mafi kulawa da kula da tushen seleri ba ya ba da cikakken tabbacin cewa ba zai ciwo ba. Abin takaici, akwai cututtuka masu yawa da suka shafi wannan al'ada, wasu daga cikinsu suna ɗauke da kwari. Wadannan sune:
- na kwayan cuta leaf spot;
- black kafa ;
- tsakiya rot da kuma ste rot;
- mosaic na ganye;
- sakin;
- cercosporium;
- farar fata.
Bugu da ƙari, akwai cututtuka marasa magungunan, wanda aka lalacewa ta hanyar karancin abubuwa masu ma'adinai. Wannan "yunwa" tana nuna kanta a cikin hanyar necrosis na yanayin ci gaba da kuma ganyayyaki. Don hana wannan, yana da muhimmanci a biye da fasahar noma da gaske kuma ku tabbatar da ciyar da seleri tare da launin ruwan kasa na 0.04% na kowane tsire-tsire, ba tare da mantawa da kulawa sosai akan tsaftacewar ƙasa ba.
Kwaro na tushen seleri
Babban kwari na tushen seleri shi ne ƙwayar karas da karas . Wuta ne karamin kwari na koren launi. Yana shayar da ruwan 'ya'yan itace daga cikin ganyayyaki, wanda ya sa seleri ya bushe kuma ya daina ci gaba akai-akai. A matsayin m ma'auni, yayyafa da yawan girma coniferous itatuwa tare da bayani na Corbophos (10 g da lita 10 na ruwa). Don haka za ku hana kwari daga wuraren hunturu kuma ku rage yawan jama'a.
Kwallon kwari yana kwari ne tare da baƙar fata tare da kyan gani kadan. Mai haɗari ga girbi na seleri ba kanta ba ne, amma ta larvae. Hatching daga qwai da aka shimfiɗa a kan ganye, sun shiga cikin amfanin gona mai tushe kuma sun hallaka shi daga cikin kusan kusan. Don magance larvae na kwari na karas, magani na tushen seleri da "Fitoverm" ko "Iskra" ya zama dole.