Mutane da yawa sun yi mamaki yadda za su yi girma kirki a kan nasu makirci. Tsarin ya fito ne daga Kudancin Amirka, amma yanayin yanayin tsaka-tsakin Turai na tsakiya ya dace sosai don noma na kirkiro. Don samun amfanin gona, wajibi ne don sayan kayan abincin da kuma nazarin aikin gona.
Kirki ba - dasa da girma a gida
Bakan kirkiro ne tsire-tsire guda daya da aka dasa a kowace shekara. An dauke shi a matsayin iyalin legumes, yana da dandano mai kyau. 'Ya'yan itatuwa suna cikin fatar jikin da dama, suna girma a ƙasa. Ƙananan furannin furanni na shuka sun kai ƙasa kuma sun fadi gaba daya a cikinta, bayan da farkon girbin ya fara. Don kirkiro, hanya mai sauƙi na girma a cikin tukunyar manya, wanda yake a gida a kan windowsill, ma daidai ne. Kuna buƙatar saka shi a cikin ƙasa mai haske, samar da isasshen haske, kare daga zayyana.
Yadda za a dasa kirki ba a gida?
Kafin dasa shuki baƙo a gida, dole ne ka shirya babban akwati (30-40 cm a diamita), don haka daga baya harbe ba su rataye a kan gefuna na tukunya. Lokacin mafi kyau ga shuka shine tsakiyar Afrilu. Dokokin saukowa:
- tsaba sunfi saya a cikin ɗakunan ajiya na musamman, da dare suna cikin ruwa, suna ƙara digo na Epin . Da safe, an buɗe kwayoyi kuma an nuna maɓallin spine;
- an shirya sashi daga humus da yashi, ana ɗauke su a cikin sassa;
- shuka tsaba dace a cikin peat allunan (wannan hanya zai buƙaci kara dasawa) ko nan da nan zuwa wuri na dindindin;
- akwati ya cika da wani yashi mai yatsa;
- An shuka iri iri a tsakiyar zuwa zurfin 2-2.5 cm;
- don ƙirƙirar microclimate mai dumi, an rufe tukunyar da littafin Cellophane da kuma sanya shi cikin wuri mai dumi;
- don shayarwa, ana amfani da hotbed ne a kai a kai.
Kula da kirki ba a gida
Don ci gaban ci gaba da shuka, ana buƙatar kiyaye agrotechnology don bunkasa kirki. Yadda za a yi girma kirki a gida a tukunya:
- Watering. Yi watsi da seedlings a kai a kai, kauce wa sputum na coma.
- Spraying. A kwanakin zafi an shayar da tsire-tsire da ruwa a dakin da zafin jiki da safe da maraice.
- Temperatuur tsarin mulki. Mafi kyau - + 20-27 ° C, yanayin da ke ƙasa + 15 ° C da sama + 30 ° C hallaka 'ya'yan itacen.
- Hilling. An gudanar a cikin marigayi Yuli zuwa tsawo na 3 cm, sa'an nan kuma sau biyu a Agusta a 1.5-2 cm.
Lokacin da tsayin ya kai 20 cm, tsire-tsire na shuka (ranar 40-45). A madadin takalma na orange suna bayyana ovaries, wanda ke cikin ƙasa. Fruits suna kafa a zurfin 8-10 cm. Ganye yellowed ya zama alama don girbi. An cire shuka daga ƙasa, an shimfiɗa shi a rana don bushewa. Bayan kwanaki 10-12, kwayoyin za su fara rabawa da kyau daga harsashi. Kowane daji yana bada kimanin hamsin wake da 1-7 kwayoyi cikin harsashi.
Yadda za a yi girma kirki ba a gonar?
Kafin ka fara kirki ba a bude, yana da muhimmanci a fahimtar kanka tare da wasu siffofi na noma. Don shuka gyada ta zabi wuraren budewa da iska mai kyau da haske mai haske. Mafi kyawun magabata shine dankali, cucumbers, kabeji. Bayan legumes na shuka girbi mai kyau yana da wahala. Kasar gona na buƙatar sako-sako da ruwa, tsaka-tsakin ruwa, tsaka tsaki. Cikar yana girma a lokacin da dasa shuki da tsawa a waje a zafin jiki na + 20 ° C. Lokacin da ya rage, shuka ci gaba ya ƙare, a wannan yanayin yana da kyau don rufe al'ada tare da fim.
Yadda za a shuka shuke-shuke da kirki a cikin ƙasa?
Ana shuka su a farkon watan Afrilu (za'a iya sanya su a cikin wani bayani na potassium permanganate tsawon minti 30), bayan kwanaki 10 sun fara fitowa akan su. Sa'an nan kuma an sanya wake a cikin ƙasa. Bayan yaduwa sai kirki zai ci gaba da sauri. Wannan hanyar zai kare wake daga bear, wanda sau da yawa yakan ci tsaba a ƙasa. Zai fi kyau zabi manyan lambobi don shuka, ƙananan 'ya'yan itatuwa ba zasu iya hawa ba. Yadda za a shuka kirki ba a gonar:
- Ana gudanar da saukowa cikin fossa na zurfin mita 10 da nesa na 50 cm tsakanin samfurori. Ana iya dasa shi a cikin layuka tare da nisa na 30 cm ko hanya mai laushi;
- Don girma kirki ba zai yiwuwa kuma murabba'in 60 60 ko 70yi70 cm;
- Dole ne ƙasa ta kasance sako-sako da fuka-fuka, kamar yadda al'adun suka fi son ƙasa mai taushi;
- Don amfani da tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire masu amfani, za'a iya jefa raguwa daga cikin ganyayyaki cikin rami - za su taka rawar taki don tushensu;
- An sanya tsaba 3 a kowace fossa, saboda rauni baya iya hawa;
- bayan an rufe, gado yana shafe tare da matsa lamba, don haka kamar yadda ba a wanke tudu na ƙasa ba;
- seedlings girma fiye da wata zuwa tsawo na 25-75 cm.
Lokacin da za a dasa kirki ba
Tunda ana iya girma da kirki ba kawai a cikin yanayi mai dumi, ana shuka shuka bayan da yanayin ƙasa yayi zafi zuwa + 15 ° C. Wannan yana faruwa a tsakiyar watan Mayu bayan melting melons. Frosts suna da illa ga kirki, saboda haka kafin dasa shuki da kirki a cikin ƙasa a cikin ƙasa mai bude, dole ne ku jira don zaunar da yanayi mai dadi. Zaka iya sanya wake a cikin tabarau 3-4 cm a diamita a cikin Afrilu, sanya a kan wani taga-sill na rana. Sa'an nan kuma an cire seedlings a cikin ƙasa a farkon Yuni.
Kula da kirki ba a cikin ƙasa ba
Gyada baƙaƙe, lokacin da suke girma a waje, buƙatar kulawa ta gari - yana buƙatar watering, ciyar, kulawa da pest. Matasa kananan harbe dole ne a kare su daga weeds. Za a haye kayan haya tare da sassauta ƙasa bayan an shayar da shi. Bayan ganyayyaki na shuka sunyi launin rawaya, kuma ana fara fara cire tsaba daga wake, lokacin girbi zai fara (rabi na biyu na Satumba). Da farko an ƙware da bishiyoyi, sun bar 'ya'yan itatuwa su bushe. An shuka amfanin gona a cikin mataki na unglazed wake a cikin jaka jaka a busassun dakin a + 8-10 ° C. Daga daya daji tattara har zuwa 0.5 kilogiram na kwayoyi.
Fasali na girma da kirki a cikin ƙasa
Gyada yana da ban sha'awa mai ban sha'awa - yana fariya a wata rana. Wani lokaci wannan tsari yana wucewa sosai ga manoma. Da sassafe a cikin Yuni sun fara furanni, kuma da maraice sun riga sun fadi - a wannan lokaci suna gudanar da pollinate. Bayan kwanaki 1.5-2 bayan flowering, ovaries zasu sauko cikin ƙasa, suyi girma cikin zurfin, inda za'a samu 'ya'yan itatuwa.
Girman kirki ba a cikin gonar yana tare da hawan dutse. Kwana 10 bayan flowering, ana yayyafa ovaries tare da damp, ƙasa mai laushi don 5-7 cm (kamar dankali), don haka matakan gina jiki ya kai cotyledon. Yawanci, yin girma da kirki zai taimaka wa duwatsu biyu tare da hutu na kwanaki 10, wanda aka rufe shi a hankali. Hanyar ana bada shawarar bayan watering ko ruwan sama.
Yanayi don inganta kirki ba - ƙasa
Yana da mahimmanci ga masu lambu su san inda kirki suke girma. Ya kamata a bude shafin ba tare da ambato daga inuwa ba daga fences, gine-gine, bishiyoyi. Mahimmanci ga kirki ba buƙatar rigar, haske, tare da babban nau'in humus, alli da magnesium - chernozem ko yashi na yashi. Salted kasa kada ku yi haƙuri al'adu, kuma acid dole ne a limed kafin dasa. Kafin a fara kirki ba, an shirya shafin din: a cikin kaka yana narke zuwa zurfin 30 cm cikin ƙasa ƙara 1-3 kg na humus zuwa 1 m 2 na yankin. A lokacin bazara, an sake dasa wuri don dasa shuki tare da ƙara don kowace m 2 zuwa 50 grams na nitrophosphate .
Yadda za a dasa kirki ba daidai - siffofin watering
Rashin ƙasa ya fi son rigar, ba rigar ƙasa ba. Rashin ruwa mai yawa zai iya haifar da lalacewar 'ya'yan itacen. Yadda za a ci gaba da kirkiro a cikin ƙasa - ban ruwa:
- Yarda da amfanin gona idan matakin sama na ƙasa ya bushe - sau ɗaya a rana;
- a lokacin flowering, ana shayar da tsire-tsire sosai - a cikin safiya daya ko sau biyu a mako;
- Ruwan ruwa don hanya bai zama sanyi - ya kamata a dan kadan a cikin rana;
- Bayan kafawar ovary a maimakon watering, ana bada shawara a fesa duk sauran rana da yamma;
- bayan kowace moistening kasar gona aka loosened sabõda haka, yana da wadãtar da oxygen;
- idan a yankin akwai ruwan sama na yau da kullum, watering za a iya rasa;
- wata daya kafin girbi, an tsayar da ruwan sha. Idan an shayar da shuka sosai a watan Satumba, 'ya'yan itatuwa zasu karu.
Noma na kirki - saman miya
An ciyar da ƙwayar ƙasa a sau biyu a kakar. Da takin mai magani yana da kyau ga ci gaba da yawan amfanin ƙasa. Kayan shuka yana da tasiri ga potassium da phosphorus. Yadda za a yi girma kirki ba a kasar - takin mai magani:
- an fara yin kayan shafa bayan walƙiya ya kai 10 cm a tsawo - daji yana ciyar da 20 g na ammonium nitrate, 45 g na gishiri, 70 g na superphosphate da lita 10 na ruwa;
- a karo na biyu da aka maimaita haɗuwa a mataki na fruiting.
Yadda za a yi girma kirki ba - cututtuka da kwari?
Kamar dukan legumes na kwayoyin, kwayar cutar ta shafi cutar kuma an kai hari ta hanyar kwari. Yadda za a yi girma a cikin kirkiro a cikin wani dacha - yaki da kwayar cutar:
- Kirkiran suna fushi da aphids, caterpillars. Suna cutar da launi, sun lalata tsarin tsari. Don kawar da kwayoyin cutar zai iya yiwuwa, bayan ya yayyafa shi tare da itace ko toka.
- Daga thrips, an shuka shi da kwari .
- Yana da haɗari, idan kwaya ya fara cin abinci a kan waya - suna zaune a cikin kasa kuma suna cin abinci har ma a cikin kwasfa. Don halakarsu, an sanya tarkon tarko a cikin abin da aka sanya nau'in dankali, beets ko karas. Ana rike da rijiyoyin da shimfiɗa, karfe, kuma bayan wani lokaci tsutsiyar tsallewa ta tashi don tasowa.
- Ko da a gonar tare da kirki ba, an bayar da shawarar yin amfani da scarecrow don tsoro daga tsuntsaye, wanda zai iya lalata dukkan 'ya'yan itatuwa.
Yadda za a yi girma da kirki baƙi - cututtuka:
- Mafarki mai yalwa. Kwayar tana kama da speckles a garesu na ganye. Tare da shan kashi na fungicides - Topaz, Bravo, Quadrice.
- Phallosticosis ko leaf spot. Gyaran launin ruwan kasa sun gane har zuwa 6 mm a diamita, wanda ci gaba tare da matsanancin zafi. Fungicides na aiki mai ban dariya suna da tasiri wajen yaki da cutar.
- Gishiri mai laushi. Ya bayyana bayan flowering a cikin nau'i mai tsattsauran ra'ayi, wucewa daga ganye zuwa ga mai tushe. Wadannan bishiyoyi ba su da 'ya'yan itatuwa. Shuka daji mai kyau zai taimaka wajen kiyaye fasahar aikin noma, ci gaba da al'adu, rike da juyayi, dacewa dacewa.