Alkama na alkama shine daya daga cikin amfanin gona mai mahimmanci da yawanci a duniya. Tamanin hatsi ya ƙayyade shi da abun ciki na mai, furotin, carbohydrates da wasu abubuwa da ƙananan abubuwa a cikinta. Ta hanyar nauyin gina jiki, shine alkama mai sanyi wanda ya wuce duk sauran albarkatu.
Kamar yadda aka sani, ana amfani da gari alkama don yin gurasa, a cikin masana'antar kayan lambu, yana kuma samar da taliya, semolina. Ganye na yin sitaci, barasa da sauransu. Kuma shararwa daga barasa da masana'antun masana'antun gari sun zama abinci mai mahimmanci ga dabbobi.
Daban nau'in alkama
A yau shi ne irin nau'in alkama, wanda ya fi nau'in 250 da iri iri iri. Mafi yawancin iri iri iri da aka yi amfani dashi iri iri:
- "Rosinka Tarasovskaya";
- "Kyau";
- "Nemchinovskaya-24";
- "Gwamna na Don";
- "Moscow-39";
- "Tarasovo tsufa";
- "Lyubava Odesskaya";
- "Poltava Ukrainka",
- "Lada Odessa";
- "Mironovskaya 65";
- "Mironovskaya 66";
- "Lelya";
- "Kharkov 105".
Gaba ɗaya, alkama mai sanyi yana rabu da ƙarfi na gari a cikin:
- Maƙaryaccen alkama shine alkama mai laushi tare da abun ciki mai gina jiki mai gina jiki, gwargwadon gurasar ƙirar na farko, wadda ta ba da burodi maras nauyi. Inganta kaddarorin gari daga alkama mai rauni.
- Matsayin alkama - tare da ƙasa mai gina jiki da gluten (3rd quality group). Bugu da ƙari, yana da kyawawan kayan lambu, amma ba zai iya inganta gari daga busassun alkama ba.
- Alkama mara kyau yana da ƙasa a furotin da alkama. Gurasa daga gare shi yana ba da burodi mara kyau tare da rashin ƙarfi da ƙananan ƙarami.
- M alkama - by ingancin hatsi yana kusa da karfi, amma ba ya dace da shi a cikin dama sigogi.
Growing of alkama alkama
Saboda tsarin raunana, alkama mai sanyi yana da wuya ga wadanda suka riga shi, da kuma shirye-shiryen ƙasa, yanayin lafiyar jiki. Kwayoyi masu kyau sune tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire: legumes, masara , buckwheat, rapeseed, farkon da kuma dankali-ripened dankali, hatsi .
A shirye-shirye na kasar gona kafin shuka na hunturu alkama kunshi a namo tare da harrows ko Cats. Dole ne a yi amfani da farfajiyar sosai - tsayin tarkon bayan da aka dasa ba zai iya wuce 2 cm ba. Wannan zai tabbatar da rarraba rarraba da zurfin nauyin.
Tun lokacin da alkama mai sanyi ya kasance mai matukar damuwa ga matakan gina jiki a cikin ƙasa da acidity, dole ne a yi amfani da shi da takin zamani, da samar da bitamin da kayan abinci, da kuma kulawa da pH na 6.5-7. Kamar yadda takin mai magani ke amfani da kwayoyin, phosphoric-potassium saman miya, da kuma farkon spring ƙara nitrogen da takin mai magani.
Sharuɗɗan shuka shuki na alkama ya bambanta dangane da nau'o'in yanayi da yanayin damuwa, amma a daidai lokacin wannan lokacin ya fara a ranar 10 ga watan Satumba. Hanyar shuka - jere tare da jeri jere 15 cm fadi.
Spring da alkama alkama - bambance-bambance
Babban bambanci tsakanin wadannan nau'o'in hatsi shine a lokacin shuka. Saboda haka, ana shuka hunturu daga kaka kuma ana girbi girbi na gaba. Yayinda ake shuka alkama a farkon bazara, kuma ana girbi girbi a cikin kaka na wannan shekarar.
Yanayin hunturu suna germinate kafin hunturu, a cikin bazara suna ci gaba da girma da kuma girma da yawa a baya fiye da nau'o'in ruwa. A matsayinka na mulkin, nau'o'in hunturu suna samar da girbi mafi kyau, amma zasu iya girma ne kawai a yankunan da ke da dusar ƙanƙara da kuma yanayin sauƙi. Ba tare da murfin snow ba, alkama za ta daskare kawai.
Ta yaya za a bambanta alkama na alkama daga alkama: alkama mai bazara ya fi damuwa da fari kuma yana da mafi kyawun gyare-gyare, kodayake rashin amfani. Alkama na birane yana da wuya ga kasa.
Alkama na kaka yana tsiro a yankin tsakiya na Black Black, a Arewacin Caucasus da kuma a gefen dama na Volga. Spring - a cikin Urals, Siberia da Trans-Volga.