Rigakafin cututtuka - kowane nau'i da kuma hanyoyi na kariya daga cututtuka

Rigakafin cututtuka, a matsayin mai mulkin, ba abu ne mai rikitarwa ba. Duk da haka, magancewa mai sauki zai taimaka wajen hana matsaloli masu tsanani, saboda cututtuka da pathogens ke haifarwa sun fi sauki don hanawa fiye da warkewa.

Irin cututtuka

A cikin maganin, ana rarraba cututtukan cututtuka ta hanyar nau'in pathogen. Tsayawa daga wannan, cututtuka sun faru:

1. Kwayoyin yanar gizo da sauri. Wadannan kwayoyin halitta zasu iya haifar da mummunar annoba. Suna kuma haifar da sanyi kuma wasu lokuta ma suna haifar da ci gaban ciwace-ciwacen ƙwayoyi.
2. Kwayoyin cuta. Wasu nau'ikan kwayoyin sune dole don yin aiki na jiki, amma akwai wasu nau'in haɗari. Sakamakon wannan cututtuka na cututtuka daban-daban da ƙari mai kyau. Saboda su, alal misali, yana iya zama wajibi ne don hana kamuwa da cutar meningococcal.
3. Chlamydia. Wadannan kwayoyin ne wadanda zasu iya haifar da juriya ga kwayoyin cutar antibacterial. Suna tsokana ƙulluran ƙwayoyin urogenital, huhu, trachoma.
4. Mycoplasmal. Wannan nau'in kwayoyin ba shi da ganuwar tantanin halitta, amma har yanzu yana iya lalata tsarin tsarin numfashi ko urogenital.
5. Rickettsial. Akwai siffofin da dama da kuma haifar da cututtuka.
6. Spirochectric. Kwayoyin kwayoyin da ke cikin kwayoyin halitta wadanda suke cikin bangare mai laushi, amma suna iya haifar da syphilis, typhoid, leptospirosis.
7. Mycosis. Irin wannan cututtuka na haifar da fungi.
8. Prototic. Ƙaddamarwa a sakamakon wani muhimmin aiki na marasa lafiya marasa lafiya - amoebae, lamblia, balantidium.
9. Helminthic. Irin wannan cututtuka ya faru ne saboda tsutsotsi, wanda yawanci yakan zauna a cikin hanji, amma kuma yana iya rinjayar huhu, kwakwalwa, hanta.

Hanyar hana cututtuka

Akwai su da yawa daga cikinsu. Babban matakan don rigakafin cututtuka sune:

1. Alurar riga kafi. Bayan gabatarwa da kwayoyin antigenic a cikin jiki, juriya ga nau'o'in pathogens yana ƙaruwa.
2. Samun rigakafi. Wannan shine rigakafin duniya na cututtuka. Yana taimaka wajen ƙarfafa rigakafi kuma yana tsammanin cin abinci na bitamin, abincin lafiya mai kyau, biyan ka'idojin tsabta.
3. Ruwan marasa lafiya.
4. Chemoprophylaxis. Irin wannan rigakafin cututtukan cututtuka ana haifar da shi don hana dakatar da pathogens kuma ya hana komawa ko rikitarwa na cutar.

Musamman magance cututtuka

Manufar hanyar ita ce samar da rigakafi. Tsarin musamman don rigakafin cututtuka yana haifar da haifar da tsarin dabi'a wanda aka haifar a cikin jiki lokacin da pathogen ya shiga ciki. Sun zo cikin nau'i uku:

1. Aiki. Irin wannan rigakafin ya ƙunshi gabatarwar maganin alurar rigakafi tare da rayuwa, amma ya raunana ko kuma mummunan kwayoyin halitta. Godiya ga wannan, rigakafin fara fara haifar da kwayoyin cuta. Ci gaban juriya na kwayoyin zai iya daukar makonni 3 - 4.
2. M. Yawancin lokaci ana gudanar da shi a lokacin annoba, lokacin da babu lokacin da za a jira sakamakon maganin alurar riga kafi. Mutuwar rigakafin kiyaye cututtuka a gabatarwa a cikin kwayar rigakafi da aka riga an shirya.
3. Mai aiki m. A cakuda nau'i-nau'i guda biyu na matakan tsaro wanda aka bayyana a sama. A cikin jiki mai haƙuri ya gabatar da maganin alurar riga kafi, kuma magani da kwayoyin cuta. Ƙarshen ba su da rai sosai, amma 'yan makonni ne isa ya fara farawar rigakafi.

Kariya na musamman na cututtuka

Yana da rikitarwa na ayyuka da ke haifar da yaduwar pathogens. Kariya ta musamman na cututtuka kamar haka:

• Gudanar da kwangila na yau da kullum;
• wanke hannuwanku;
• guje wa wurare masu yawa;
• amfani da kayan aikin sirri na sirri;
• hardening ;
• karuwa a cikin cikakken rigakafi.

Rigakafin cututtukan cututtuka da suka hada da cike da rigakafin - wani tsari na matakan da za a ƙayyade lamba ga masu lafiya da marasa lafiya. Girman da lokacin da shi ya bambanta dangane da irin cutar, da yawanta. Daidai ka'idoji ga dukkanin cututtuka shine karewa ne kawai bayan matsakaicin lokacin shiryawa na cutar ya wuce bayan dawo da karshe da aka yi haƙuri.

Tsarin gaggawa na cututtuka

Irin wannan ma'auni ne mai rikitarwa na tsarin kiwon lafiyar da ake aiwatar da su ga mutanen da ke fama da cutar. Amfanin gaggawa na karewa cututtuka yana kashewa daidai bayan shigarwa daga mai asali a cikin kwayar halitta tare da manufar kaddamar da ci gaba. Ya faru:

• general (nonspecific);
• musamman.

Ana gudanar da wannan karshen bayan irin kamuwa da kamuwa da cuta da kuma kula da magunguna. A cikin layi daya tare da takamaiman kwayoyi, marasa lafiya suna wajabta maganin antihistamines da immunomodulators . Don rashin rigakafi na gaggawa, ana amfani da magungunan bambance-bambance, kamar:

• Rifampicin;
• Tetracycline;
• Doxycycline;
• Sulfaton.

Major cututtuka da kuma rigakafi

Dangane da hanyoyin watsa, yana da al'ada don gano irin waɗannan kungiyoyin cututtuka:

• aikawa ta hanya mai ladabi;
• kwantar da ruwa;
• ta hanyar vectors;
• ta hanyar hulɗa da jini wanda aka gurbata;
• hanyar sadarwa-hanyar gida.

Babban cututtukan cututtuka - haɓakawa da rigakafi - ana sarrafawa a matakin jihar. Idan ya cancanta, a lokuta da annoba, ana bayar da maganin alurar riga kafi ga jama'a, kariya da kuma cututtuka na yanayi. A lokuta masu tsanani, marasa lafiya za a iya bayar da su ba kawai likita ba, har ma zamantakewa, aiki ko taimako na zuciya.

Yin rigakafi na cututtuka na jima'i

Tsarin hanyoyi masu sauki ne. Rigakafin cutar HIV da sauran cututtuka da aka lalata ta hanyar jima'i yana cikin bin ka'idodin da suka biyo baya:

1. A lokacin yin jima'i, dole ne a yi amfani da robaron roba ta kowacce lokaci.
2. Ɗaya ya kamata yayi kokarin kauce wa halayen jima'i da nuna bambanci a rayuwar jima'i.
3. Duk abokan tarayya dole ne su bi ka'idojin tsabta.

Matakan gaggawa don rigakafin kamuwa da kwayar cutar HIV da sauran cututtuka na jima'i ya kamata a karɓa nan da nan bayan jima'i ba tare da jima baron roba ba tare da abokin tarayya ko kuma lokacin da ya saba da ƙyamar. Mafi mahimmancin tabbatarwa yana nufin:

• Betadine;
• Miramistin;
• Chlorhexidine.

Rigakafin cututtuka na hanji

Ana iya hana cututtukan cututtuka mai tsanani idan an gano su a lokaci, amma ya fi sauƙin magance cututtuka. Yin rigakafi na cututtuka na hanji na ciki kamar haka:

1. Za a kusanci zabi na abinci. Kada ku saya abinci a wurare masu dadi.
2. Abinci ya kamata a dafa shi dafa. Kada ku manta da maganin zafi.
3. Dole ne a kiyaye duk abincin ajiyar abinci.
4. Ya kamata a ci abinci mai zafi a nan da nan bayan dafa abinci. In ba haka ba, a lokacin da sanyayawa, microbes na raguwa a cikinsu.
5. Kafin cin abinci, dole ne ka wanke hannunka.
6. Don dafa shi yana da muhimmanci a yi amfani da ruwa mai tsabta.

Rigakafin kamuwa da cuta na enterovirus

Tsarin hanyoyi masu kama da rigakafin cututtuka na ciki. Yadda za a kauce wa rotavirus kamuwa da cuta :

1. Abin sha kawai tsarkake ko ruwa mai dadi.
2. Kashe a wurare da aka amince da wurin sanitary da tashar wariyar annoba, amma ko da yake a nan ba shi da daraja a haɗiyar ruwa.
3. Yana da kyawawa cewa kowane memba na iyali da kamfanin suna da nasu jita-jita.
4. A gida yana da wajibi don gudanar da tsaftace tsabtataccen wuri tare da yin amfani da wani disinfectant.
5. A lokacin annoba, ya kamata ku guje wa wurare masu yawa na mutane, kuma idan kuna da wasu gunaguni nan da nan ku ziyarci likita.

Rigakafin cututtuka na iska

Yin rigakafi mafi inganci na cututtukan cututtuka shi ne maganin alurar riga kafi. Bugu da ƙari, za ka iya kare kanka daga kwayoyin halitta ta hanyar ci gaba da rayuwa mai kyau, shirya kwanakinka yadda ya kamata, ƙarfafa kariya, kaucewa saduwa da marasa lafiya da kuma ziyartar wuraren taro masu yawan gaske a lokacin annoba, kallon duk ka'idodi na tsabtace jiki.

Rigakafin cututtuka na nosocomial

Dole ne ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya su kiyaye dukkan abin da ake bukata na tsabta da tsabta da maganin annoba. Rigakafin cututtuka na parenteral ya hada da yin amfani da masu sinadarin maganin antiseptic mai kyau, daɗin yin amfani da kayan kida. Duk gyaran tare da marasa lafiya ya kamata a yi a cikin safofin hannu da masks. Duk da haka yadda za a kauce wa cututtuka? Kowace ma'aikacin asibiti dole ne a yi alurar riga kafi akan cututtuka irin su diphtheria, hepatitis B, mura da sauransu.