Wane ne ya zo tare da 8 ga watan Maris?

A yau zamu ga cewa wannan hasken, cikakke da rani na fari da zafi, a koyaushe. Kuma idan wakilai na tsofaffi suna tuna da ma'anar taken "Ranar Mata na Duniya", wasu kuma basu manta da sunan wanda ya zo tare da Maris 8 ba, to, babu abin da ya sani ga matasa. Ana tuna da darussan makaranta na tarihin farkon karni na ashirin, watakila, da daya. A halin yanzu, tarihi na haihuwar hutun mata ba shi da wata damuwa kamar yadda mutum zai so. Amma baya bayanan yana da suna musamman, kuma, a gaskiya, dalilin yau shine labarin rayuwar mace, wanda wanda ya wuce shekaru 100 da hutun ranar 8 ga Maris.

Klara Zetkin mai juyi ne kuma kawai mace

Maris 8, 1857 a birnin New York, akwai wani zanga-zangar ma'aikata a masana'antar kaya da takalma, wanda ya buƙaci ragowar ranar aiki (a wancan lokacin na tsawon awa 16) da kuma inganta yanayin aiki. Kuma bayan rabin karni, hutu na mata za a yi amfani da shi a wannan taron. Da kwanan wata ya bayyana, amma wanda ya zo tare da biki a ranar 8 ga Maris, kuna tambaya. Don haka, 1857 mahimmanci ne domin a lokacin ne aka haifi 'yar Clara a cikin gidan wani malamin kauyuka mai suna Eismann daga Saxony.

Ba a san irin yadda yarinyar mai basira da mutunci zai ci gaba ba, idan, a matsayin dalibi na ilimin ilimin ilimin ilimin ilmin lissafi, ta ba ta sadu da 'yan kwaminisanci ba, kuma ba su dauke da ra'ayoyinsu ba. Daga cikin masu halartar matasan matasa shi ne mijinta na gaba - wani dan kabilar Bayahude Osip Zetkin, wanda ya gudu zuwa Jamus daga zalunci da hukumomin tsarist. Clara Zetkin ya shiga Jam'iyyar Social Democratic Party na Jamus, ya zama daya daga cikin masu fafutuka a hannun hagu. Yawancin mutane da yawa da suka damu, yarinya don dalilan akida sun bar iyalinta har abada, wanda ta sami lakabi "Wild Clara".

A shekara ta 1882, wanda ya zo daga ranar 8 ga watan Maris, an tilasta masa ya yi hijira bayan Osip zuwa Paris, inda ta zama matar auren wani juyin juya hali (bisa hukuma ba su da aure). A cikin auren suna da 'ya'ya maza biyu, Maxim da Kostya, kuma a 1889 marigayi likita Clara ya mutu daga tarin fuka. Don samun tsira, wata mace ta rubuta rubutun, fassara, koyarwa har ma yana aiki a matsayin laundress. Ta gudanar da aikin siyasa, ya zama ɗaya daga cikin wadanda suka kafa Ƙasar ta Biyu. An san shi a matsayin masanin ilimin zamantakewar al'umma a Turai, Clara Zetkin ya zama sananne ne a matsayin mayaƙan kare hakkin mata, ya nemi ya ba su duniya da kuma shawo kan aikin aiki.

Ba da daɗewa ba wata dama ta dawo zuwa ƙasarsa ta Jamus. A nan ta ba kawai ta ci gaba da gwagwarmayar gwagwarmaya ba, amma kuma ya kasance kusa da Karl Liebknecht da Rosa Luxemburg, wanda ya zama abokinsa na kusa, amma kuma ya yi auren dan wasan kwaikwayon Georg Friedrich Zundel, wanda ya fi dan shekara 18 da Clara. Shekaru daga baya, wani sabon abu tsakanin dan juyin juya hali da mai basirar fasaha zai ɓace saboda bambancin ra'ayi game da yakin duniya na farko, kuma bambancin shekaru zaiyi tasiri. Don Clara Zetkin wannan zai zama mummunan ƙari.

Tuni tsofaffi, har yanzu budurwa mai ban sha'awa, yanzu tana cikin ƙungiyar Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Jamus. Tun daga shekarar 1920, ita ce mafiya mamba na Reichstag, shugaban kungiyar kasa da kasa don taimaka wa masu juyin juya hali, daya daga cikin shugabannin kungiyar. Da zuwan mulkin Nazi na Jamhuriyar Jamus, a 1932 Clara Zetkin ya yi hijira zuwa USSR, inda nan da nan ya mutu a shekara 75.

Tarihi da kuma sunan ranar hutu a ranar 8 ga Maris

Game da hutun da kanta ranar 8 ga watan Maris, ya kamata a ambaci wannan taron kasa da kasa kan mata na 'yan mata, wanda ya faru a ranar 27 ga Agusta, 1910. Copenhagen. Yana da mahimmanci cewa ta Clara Zetkin ta yi shawara don kafa wata rana ta gwagwarmayar kare hakkin mata. An tallafa wa ra'ayin, kuma, tun daga farkon shekara, a cikin kasashen Turai da dama, an gudanar da abubuwan da aka gudanar a shekara-shekara don tallafawa 'yancin mata, tattalin arziki da zamantakewa, da kuma gwagwarmayar zaman lafiya. Gaskiya ne, ranar 8 ga watan Maris an kafa shi ne kawai a shekara ta 1914.

A kan kalandar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, sunan ranar hutu a ranar 8 ga watan Maris shine "Ranar 'Yancin Mata da Ƙasashen Duniya", kuma ba hutu ba ne. A cikin jihohin da ke ci gaba da tunawa da shi, wannan babban taron siyasa ne. Matsayin hutun da rana a ranar 8 ga watan Maris ne kawai aka samu a cikin Tarayyar Soviet kuma tun a shekarar 1965, ya juya zuwa wata rana na girmama dukkan jima'i. A hankali, sai ya rasa tunaninsa na akidar, manta da wanda ya kirkira hutun a ranar 8 ga watan Maris, kuma a yawancin kasashen na Soviet an yi bikin a yau a matsayin rana na bazara, kyakkyawa da budurwa.