Zuwan tunani yana taimakawa wajen fahimtar dalilin da yasa yanayi daban-daban daban-daban na al'ummomi daban-daban suka nuna bambanci. Halinsa yana da ra'ayin mazan jiya, ba za'a iya canjawa da sauri ba, kamar yanayin tunani, ji, halin mutane da yawa. Hanyoyin duniya suna tasiri ilimi, amma ilimi yana taimakawa wajen sakewa, canzawa da kuma daidaita tunanin.
Hankula - mece ce?
Hankula shine hanyar tunani, tunani . Yana nuna kanta a cikin nau'i na al'amuran, al'adu, da fasaha na dabi'ar ɗan adam na duniya. Wannan ra'ayi ya yada a cikin jawabi na rukuni na Rasha tun daga tsakiyar karni na ashirin. Tare da taimakon wannan duniya, mutum zai iya fahimtar tunanin, kwarewa, ra'ayi, al'ada, dabi'u, dabi'u na kungiyoyi daban-daban na mutane.
Hankula a cikin ilimin zamantakewa
Ganin duniya yana taimakawa wajen nazarin fahimtar jama'a kuma yana da abubuwan da za su iya biyo baya:
- yana taimakawa wajen fahimtar yanayin ruhaniya na batun;
- yana taimakawa wajen fahimtar fahimtar duniyar duniyar;
- ya bayyana halin da ayyukan na batun.
Idan muka ci gaba daga abin da ke ƙayyade tunani a zamantakewar zamantakewa, to, a wannan yanayin shine tsarin tsarin zamantakewar al'umma ko mutum. Wannan jinsin yana dogara ne akan wannan duniyan duniya, wanda aka tsara ta daga yanayin yanayi da zamantakewa, haɓakar ruhaniya ta batun. Kasancewar duniya yana ƙayyade halin da mutum zai samu, wane irin magana, hali, aiki zai kasance. Ya kaddamar da hadin kai, ci gaba da zaman al'umma.
Akwai abubuwa uku na tunani:
- Bambanci. Wadannan jijiyoyi, motsin zuciyarmu, ra'ayoyin ra'ayoyin da suke cikin wannan batu, ba su cikin sauran.
- Abinda ke haɗuwa da wasu halaye, wanda ke halayyar wani abu ne kawai. Don haka, alal misali, a cikin sana'ar sana'a, gaskiya ne, ƙarfin hali, hanyoyi masu yawa, babban IQ .
- Hadin mahimmanci na irin wannan alamu. Alal misali, bisa ga alamar IQ, ana iya rarraba mutane a cikin kungiyoyin: lauyoyi, bankers - 120%, injiniyoyin jirgin sama, masu lantarki, chemists - 109%, masu zane, direbobi - 98%.
Hankula a Culturology
Binciken duniya yana cikin ɓangare na al'adu, wani yanayi na al'adu, samfurinsa ya shafi rinjaye, yanayin al'adu a cikin tsarin cigaban tarihi. Domin ƙarni da dama, an kafa tunanin da goyan baya, kuma an gurfanar da ita a ƙarƙashin rinjayar:
- yanayi na yanayi da yanayin ƙasa;
- yan unguwa na mutane (a cikin juyin halitta, mutum daya yana da abubuwa na rayuwa, harshe da kuma imani daga wasu mutane);
- yanayin al'adu, inda tsarin al'amuran al'ada ne, kuma abubuwan da mutum ɗaya shine abubuwan rayuwa a cikin tsarin al'adu (dabi'un gida, ka'idodin siyasa, bangaskiyar addini).
Kowace ƙasa tana da al'adun al'adu, al'adunta na al'ada, waɗanda suke cika da ita a yayin aikinsa. Mutane ne su ne mahaliccin al'ada, wannan shine zurfin ma'anar al'ada. Abubuwan tunani da al'ada su ne manufofin da ba wai kawai bambanci na kowa ba, wanda ya haɗa da masu ɗaukar al'adu ɗaya, amma kuma ya bambanta abin da ke bambanta wannan al'ada daga wasu.
Hankula - Psychology
Dangantakar duniya a cikin ilimin halayyar kwakwalwa shine halayyar halayyar rayuwa ta ruhaniya na wata al'umma. Don ƙaddamarwarsa, ana amfani da tsarin ra'ayoyin, samfurori, da kuma ƙwaƙwalwar tunani, kodayake irin wannan duniyar ba zai iya daidaita daidai da tunani, aiki, maganar mutum ba. Yin nazarin abin da mutum yake tunani shi ne, masana kimiyya sun gudanar da rarrabuwa iri-iri:
- Barbaric - babban rayuwa, jimrewa, halayyar jima'i, rashin tsoro a hadarin mutuwa, wannan shine tunanin tunanin wanda ya lashe.
- Aristocratic - 'yanci, girman kai, masu tsauraran ra'ayi, sha'awar waje waje, halayyar kirki.
- Intelsky - watsi da ta'aziyya, ta'aziyya, dacewa mai kyau, tsoro mai tsanani na mutuwa, zafi.
- Bourgeois - furentaka, tattalin arziki, aiki, ruhu na ruhaniya, insincerity.
Bugu da kari, yadda dangantakar da ke tsakanin jama'a ta bunƙasa, yanayin tarihin fahimtar mutum a duniya ya bunkasa kuma ya canza: yana yiwuwa a canza tunanin, ƙara shi da sababbin siffofi, kuma ya hana ƙungiyoyi marasa bangaskiya. Yau, irin wadannan nau'o'in suna da mahimmanci a cikin tsabta. Sun taimakawa wajen samar da halayen halayyar dabi'a a cikin halayen mutane, taimakawa wajen lalata fahimtar tunanin mutane.
Hankula - Falsafa
Sashin hankali shine salo na halaye na zamantakewa na mutum, yana bambanta a kungiyoyi daban-daban na mutane ko kungiyoyin jama'a. Wani ɓangare na irin wannan duniya shine ma'anar kasancewa. Babban masana, masana falsafa sunyi imanin cewa kishin kasa, jin dadin gida yana dogara ne akan ruhun mutane. Sanarwar da mutum yake da shi ga wasu ɗalibai, al'ummar, tana nuna matsayin ruhaniya.
Zuciyar hankali a falsafanci yana nuna wata hanya ta tunani, wanda zai iya kasancewa ta hanyar rukuni. Ganin duniya ya ƙunshi hadisai, al'adu, 'yancin, cibiyoyin, dokoki. Duk wannan yana bayyana tare da taimakon kayan aiki na ainihi, wanda shine harshen. Binciken duniya a fannin falsafanci shine kayan aiki na ruhaniya, kayan aiki na tunani da taimakon wadanda wakilan al'ummomin musamman zasu iya gane yanayin su a hanyarsu.
Nau'in tunani
Hanya ta duniya ita ce fuska ta musamman ta halayyar halayyar halayyar mutumtaka, da halaye su, yadda suke nuna kansu. Don gano ko wane irin tunanin shi ne, kana buƙatar duba a hankali a cikin wadannan nau'o'i:
- Gudun gudummawar daga yanayin rayuwar al'umma, rabuwa ta duniya ya raba zuwa tattalin arziki, zamantakewa, siyasa, al'adu, ruhaniya da halin kirki.
- Dangane da irin ayyukan, ra'ayi na duniya zai iya zama kwarewa, kimiyya, fasaha, gudanarwa, wallafe-wallafen.
- Bisa ga hoton, tunanin, tunanin duniya zai iya zama addini da na kasa, da birane, yankunan karkara, farar hula, soja.
Hankula da kuma tunani - bambance-bambance
Anyi la'akari da ra'ayi a matsayin mahimmanci, ainihin al'adun mutane. Hankula shine wata hanya ta ganin duniya inda tunani yake hade da motsin zuciyarmu. Ba kamar tunanin mutum ba, hangen nesa na duniya yana da muhimmancin duniya, kuma halayen yana rinjayar duk yanayin zamantakewa, lokutan tarihi. Zuciyar jiki shine abinda ake bukata don fitowar, wanzuwar kallon duniya.
Mene ne bambanci tsakanin tunanin mutum da tunani? Sanin duniya shine al'ada ce ta ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, an bayyana shi ta hanyar hanyar tunani, nunawa a cikin kwarewa ta hanyar tunani da jin dadi a cikin al'ada, hadisai, addini, falsafa da harshe. Zuciyar hankali shine mafi mahimmanci ra'ayi wanda ya bayyana hanyar yin tunani kamar haka. Halin hankali shine ƙayyadadden ƙayyadaddun magana, wanda ke bayyana a bayyane game da abubuwan da suka faru.
Madabi da kuma duniyar duniya
Halin ya dogara akan ra'ayin duniya. An bayyana shi ta hanyar tunani, ra'ayoyi. Kasancewar duniya a gaba ɗaya ya bayyana misali na duniyar ɗan adam, yana taimaka wa mutum ya koyi sanin kansa a wannan duniyar. Idan ba tare da wannan ingancin ba, mutum ba zai iya fahimtar wanzuwarsa ba, ya sami burinsa, a wannan yanayin an nuna rashin hankali. Mutum zai iya saukewa da sauyawa.
Dangane da yanayin fahimtar duniya, waɗannan nau'i na al'ada sune:
- falsafa;
- nazari;
- addini;
- kimiyya.
Yaya aka tsara tunanin?
Halittar tunanin mutum yana faruwa a cikin shekaru goma sha biyu. Ya fara tun yana da shekaru uku kuma ya ƙare tun yana da shekaru goma sha shida, lokacin da mutum yayi tasowa na dabi'u, burin, yana nufin cimma su. Gabatarwar bangarori na hangen nesa ta mutum ya dogara ne da:
- hankalin iyaye;
- littattafai da fina-finai;
- ruhun jiki da kuma kwanciyar hankali;
- Kafofin watsa labarai;
- manufofin;
- makaranta.
Yadda za a canza tunanin mutum?
Kowane mutum na da hakkin ya zabi aikinsa na rayuwa . Idan ka yanke shawara don canza bayanin duniya, sai ka shirya cewa wannan zai buƙaci lokaci mai yawa da ƙoƙari. Domin canza tunanin mutum, to lallai:
- don ƙyale barasa don ƙirƙirar rukuni mai girma;
- Ku guje wa dukan mummunan halaye;
- Don zama mai ba da ikon fassara Mafarki, saboda addini yana dauke da babbar raguwa a kan ci gaban hankali ;
- karanta littattafan zamani;
- gudanar da gudanarwa;
- don tserewa daga dokokin da aka kafa a cikin al'umma.
Littattafai game da tunani
Yawancin marubuta na wallafe-wallafe na Rasha sun yi nazari game da siffofin tunanin mutanen Rashanci a cikin shahararrun shahararrun ayyuka, kowannensu ya bayyana rashin sani game da ma'auni, lafazin da faɗi, sanarwa da bangaskiya maras tabbas, ƙazantattu, zalunci da sadaukarwa da ƙauna, ibada na kyawawan ƙazanta, tsarkin rai da rikitarwa.
- NV. Gogol "Mutuwar Rayuwa".
- N.A. Nekrasov "Wane ne ke zaune lafiya a Rasha".
- Lyric F.I. Tyutchev.
- Roman F.M. 'Yan Karamazov' yar Dostoevsky.