Har zuwa yau, daya daga cikin maganganun da aka fi sani da yara masu yaduwa a yara shine "cututtuka na hypertensive-hydrocephalic" ko, kawai, hydrocephalus. A mafi yawan lokuta, yaron bai buƙatar magani tare da magunguna, tun da akwai matsala masu yawa. Duk da haka, iyaye suna bukatar fahimtar ainihin tunanin "kwakwalwa a cikin jarirai", da kuma ƙarfafa kulawar yaro.
Menene hydrocephalus kuma me ya sa yake faruwa?
A cikin mutane, hydrocephalus ana kiransa dropsy na kwakwalwa, kuma mummunar cuta ce. Wannan cututtuka yana haɗuwa da karuwa a cikin ƙarar ruwa, wanda ke kare ƙwaƙwalwar mutum daga lalacewa. A yarinya, yana fama da rashin saukowa, yawanta yana ƙaruwa sau da yawa.
Dalilin hydrocephalus ya dogara ne akan shekarun yaro.
1. Sakamakon hydrocephalus a cikin tayin:
- daban-daban CNS lahani - a mafi yawan lokuta;
- cututtukan intrauterine (herpes, cytomegalia, toxoplasmosis) - a cikin kashi 20 cikin dari;
- cututtukan kwayoyin halitta - a cikin lokuta masu wuya.
2. Sakamakon hydrocephalus a jarirai:
- malformations na kwakwalwa da kashin baya; sakamakon sakamakon cututtuka na intratherine - har zuwa 80% na lokuta;
- raunin haihuwa, musamman a cikin jarirai wanda ba a taɓa haihuwa ba, tare da ciwon jini da ciwon ciki da kuma ciwon zuciya, wanda ya haifar da rashin lafiyar CSF - kimanin kashi 20% na lokuta;
- ciwace-ciwacen daji da kwakwalwa na kwakwalwa suna da mahimmanci ga wannan shekarun.
3. Causes of hydrocephalus a cikin yara 1-2 years da kuma tsufa:
- ciwace-ciwacen kwakwalwa da kwakwalwa;
- ciwon jini;
- sakamakon ciwon maningitis, encephalitis, cututtuka daban-daban (alal misali, tarin fuka);
- sakamakon sakamakon traumatic kwakwalwa rauni;
- malformations na kwakwalwa da tasoshinsa;
- kwayoyin halitta.
Mafi halayyar alama na hydrocephalus a cikin jarirai shine tsarkewar yanayin girma na kai, wanda zai haifar da siffar kullun halitta mai kyau. Wannan kwanyar yana ƙara girma. Bugu da ƙari, alamar hydrocephalus a cikin jariri yana da mummunan furcin waya, wani motsi a cikin eyesballs zuwa kasan da kuma saurin kai a kai. A wurare inda ƙasusuwa na kwanyar suka girma tare, zane-zane na ɓangaren siffar zai iya zamawa. Yawancin lokaci akwai nystagmus (ƙungiyoyi masu yawa na idanu), strabismus. Lokaci-lokaci, ana sauraron ji da hangen nesa, da ciwon kai da tashin hankali.
Jiyya na hydrocephalus a jarirai.
A wajen kula da samfurin hydrocephalus na waje a cikin jarirai, ana amfani da hanyoyi daban-daban da magani. A cikin jariran da ba a haifa ba tare da nuna alamun samfurin hydrocephalus mai ci gaba ba, amma tare da halayen jini, ana amfani da diuretics. An tsara su don ƙara yawan sifa na fitsari, saboda haka rage yawan abun ciki a cikin kyallen takalma da cavities. Wannan hanya yana da tasiri ne kawai idan sanadin sayar da giya da sabuntawa na shafar al'ada yana yiwuwa. Tare da shi, zaku iya ƙarfafa matsalolin intracranial, da kuma darajan ventricles cikin kashi 50% na marasa lafiya a cikin shekara daya. Amma yin amfani da diuretics ne kawai ya cancanta ne kawai idan babu alamu na ƙarar intracranial ƙarawa da kuma gagarumar aiki na kodan da ke aiki.
Haka kuma yana yiwuwa a yi amfani da kwayoyi wanda ke inganta ƙwayar sodium daga jiki. Wannan yana kara diuresis kuma yana rage yawan samar da ruwan sanyi.
Ana gudanar da magungunan magani don daidaitawa na matsa lamba, ingantawa da aikin kwakwalwa. Abin takaici, a nan
Iyaye na yaro marar lafiya ya kamata tuna cewa bayyanar da samfurin hydrocephalus ya dogara ne akan lokacin ganewar asali, dalilin cutar da kuma kyakkyawan magani da aka zaba. Yara da suka yi aiki da magani sun iya zama rayuwa ta al'ada ba tare da wani hani ba. Lokaci-lokaci, akwai yiwuwar yin magana. Hanyoyin magani na wasu lokuta yana buƙatar sakewa da shunt.
Don hana hana hydrocephalus na jarirai, an karfafa shi sosai don kauce wa cututtuka da maganin shan magani da mahaifiyar nan gaba take yi, don yin shirin duban dan tayi.