Rahotanni biyu masu ƙauna a gwaji, farin ciki marar iyaka daga tunanin kawai game da iyaye a nan gaba, ziyarar da za ta zo a cikin shawarwarin mata da kuma hanyoyi da yawa don bincike ... Haka ne, babu shakka, da wahala, amma a gwagwarmayar jariri lafiya, duk wadannan hanyoyin suna da mahimmanci, kuma kana bukatar mu bi da su tare da iyakar nauyin, don haka daga bisani ba zai zama mai zafi sosai ba.
Kwayoyin cututtuka na mace, wanda alamunsa ba su gani a cikin jihar na gari, na iya "tasowa zuwa surface" a lokacin daukar ciki, kuma rashin haɗari na kamuwa da cutar intrauterine shine sau da yawa kawai alamar bayyanar. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa magungunan likita suna ba da shawarar sosai a lokacin tsarawar ciki don yin gwajin gwajin cutar, koda kuwa mahaifiyar da ta yi tsammanin tana da lafiya. Bayan haka, abubuwan da suke faruwa a lokacin daukar ciki sun bambanta - daga cin zarafi na ci gabanta zuwa ƙarshen ciki ko haihuwar yaro da siffofin cututtuka masu tsanani. Kuma maganin cututtuka na intratherine a lokacin haihuwa yana da rikitarwa saboda ƙuntatawa da zabi na ƙwayoyi masu amfani don amfani da mata masu juna biyu.
Kwayar cuta ta intrauterine (VUI) shine kamuwa da cutar tayi ko ƙwayar ƙwayar yara, kwayoyin cuta, wasu microorganisms a cikin utero (ta hanyar mahaifa, sau da yawa - ruwa mai amniotic) ko kuma lokacin tafiya ta hanyar haihuwa na haihuwa. A mafi yawancin lokuta, asalin kamuwa da cuta - jikin mahaifiyarsa, cututtuka na yau da kullum na tsarin kwayoyin halitta (yaduwa na ciwon zuciya, endocervicitis, pyelonephritis, ƙonewa na kayan aiki na uterine, da sauransu). A lokaci guda, hadarin bunkasa VUI yana ƙaruwa tare da kamuwa da cuta ta farko ko wani pathogen lokacin daukar ciki. Har ila yau, tare da ƙananan matsala, yiwuwar cutar kamuwa da cutar ta intrauterine na iya zama hanyoyi masu banƙyama na nazarin ciki: amniocentesis, placentocentesis, gabatarwar magunguna daban-daban ta hanyar igiya, da sauransu.
Ga pathogens da ke kai ga mafi tsanani pathologies, sun hada da cututtuka TORCH-hadaddun:
- toxoplasma (toxoplasma);
- wasu (sauran cututtuka, wanda ya hada da syphilis, chlamydia, kamuwa da cuta ta interovirus, ciwon haifa A, B, gonococcal kamuwa da cuta, listeriosis, m kyanda, mumps);
- rubella (rubella);
- cytomegalovirus (cytomegalovirus);
- herpes (herpes).
Bari mu bincika cikin ƙarin bayani game da irin wadannan cututtuka na intratherine da suka haifar da wadannan pathogens:
- Toxoplasmosis ko abin da ake kira "cututtukan hannu" yana jin daɗin ciwon toxoplasma, wanda ya karu a cikin lokaci mai tsanani na kamuwa da cuta a cikin jikin mutane, tsuntsaye da dabbobi. Kwayar cuta yakan faru ne ta hanyar tuntuba tare da ƙwayoyin cuta masu kama da ƙwayoyin cuta, da ƙasa, tare da yin amfani da nama marar nama, kayan lambu da ba'a wanke ba, da yawa sau da yawa - tare da karfin jini. Hanyar watsawa na kamuwa da cuta shi ne sauyi na musamman: daga uwa zuwa tayin. Wannan cuta na parasitic za a iya bincikar shi ta hanyar binciken jini da kuma magani na musamman lokacin daukar ciki tare da kwayoyin dake dauke da spiramycin, wanda zai taimaka wajen rage hadarin VUI ci gaba a cikin tayin zuwa 1%.
- Don hana ciwon daji na intratherine da cutar ta haifar da ita , a mataki na shirin yin ciki ya zama wajibi ne don gudanar da bincike don kasancewar rigakafi na ci gaba da wannan cuta. Rashin kamuwa a lokacin daukar ciki, musamman ma a farkon farkon shekaru uku, yana da hatsarin gaske saboda rashin kulawa mai mahimmanci da kuma yiwuwar ciwon ciki na nakasa. Rashin haɗari da kuma tayi na mutuwa zai kara har sau 4. Tsuntsar cutar zuwa tayin, ciki har da sassan jikinsa, ana yi ne a cikin lokaci mai tsanani na cutar uwar. Wani sakamako na gwaji mai kyau don rubella kafin daukar ciki na iya nuna mummunar rigakafi ga cutar saboda sakamakon canzawa zuwa yara (bisa ga kididdiga, kimanin kashi 90 cikin 100 na yara suna shan azaba) ko maganin alurar riga kafi a wannan lokacin.
- Cytomegalovirus (CMV) ita ce wakili na intrauterine cytomegalovirus kamuwa da cuta, wanda zai iya haifar da cututtuka na gabobin ciki da kwakwalwa na tayin. Rashin haɓaka IVF da kuma yanayin tayin da ya faru yana dogara ne akan kasancewa a cikin mahaifa a cikin mahaifiyarta da tsawon lokacin kamuwa da cutar tayi. A ƙwayar cuta na mahaifiyar farko, yiwuwar kamuwa da cutar tayi ita ce 30%. Saboda haka, matan da ba su da kwayar cutar zuwa CMV, an bada shawarar kulawa da kwayar cutar ta kowane lokaci zuwa CMV da kuma alamun aiki na kamuwa da cuta, musamman ma lokacin da aka haifa a lokacin hunturu. Ana iya samun CMV a cikin dukan ruwaye na jiki, dangane da wannan, ana iya kamuwa da ita ta hanyar iska da kuma jima'i, ta hanyar wucewa ta hanyar haihuwa da kuma tare da nono. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa mafi girma ga yiwuwar kamuwa da cuta ya faru a farkon shekara ta rayuwar yaro. Mutum na iya zama mai ɗaukar hoto na CMV ba tare da bayyana alamun bayyanar cututtukan cututtuka ba (hoton hoton yana kama da banal ARD), amma a lokaci guda ya zama tushen kamuwa da cuta, a mafi yawancin lokuta tare da raguwa a cikin cikakken rigakafi.
- Rashin kamuwa da cutar ta intrauterine ta haifar da cutar ta herpes simplex, wadda take da yawa kamar CMV. Herpes na farko yana faruwa a kusan 100% na manya, yayin da 95% na lokuta, yana haifar da sanyi. Rashin kamuwa da tayin zai iya faruwa ta hanyar kamuwa da cuta daga cervix ko ta wurin jini, wanda ke shafar mahaifa, tayin, yana da damuwa da kafawar rashin lafiyar jiki. Mai yiwuwa mutuwa daga tayin a kowane lokacin ci gaba, yayin da ke wucewa ta hanyar hanyar haihuwa zai sami kamuwa da cuta game da kashi 1% na 'ya'yan itace. Rashin kamuwa da kamuwa da ƙwayar jariri a cikin ƙwayoyin jinsin (asalin nau'i na biyu) a cikin wani lokaci mai zurfi ko kuma a yayin da ake nuna rashin jin dadi na yanayin da yake da ita shine 40%. Kwayar cuta ta farko a farkon ciki zai iya haifar da bukatar zubar da ciki, a wani lokaci na gaba, tare da lura da saurin ciwon tayi da kuma yanayinsa, hanyoyin da ake amfani da su a cikin tarin duban iya zama maganin warkewa tare da antiviral (acyclovir) da kuma maganin rigakafi. Idan aka kayar da cututtuka na jini, ana bada shawara ga sashen caesarean. Rashin kamuwa da cutar ta jarirai a cikin jarirai za a iya bayyana ta ta illa ta gida ko idanu (ophthalmoherpes).
Diagnostics na VUI
Ba da latency (latency) na bayyanar cututtuka na VUI, ganowar kasancewar cututtuka na intrauterine yana da wuya, amma har yanzu yana yiwuwa tare da taimakon waɗannan fasaha masu bincike.
Nazarin DNA ta amfani da hanyar PCR (maganin sarkar polymer) - an yi amfani da shi wajen ganewa cututtuka na cututtuka na cututtuka (STDs). Dalili na binciken shi ne kullun daga al'amuran. Sakamakon shine bayani game da mai ɗaukar hoto ko kuma gaban wani cuta. Don tabbatar da ganewar asali, dangane da irin nau'in pathogen, wasu nazarin za a iya yin su a cikin yanayin al'adun bacteriological da bincike na jini. Binciken jini game da kamuwa da cutar ta hanyar ELISA (immunoassay enzyme)