Dangane da rikice-rikice na kimiyya, a cikin karni na 20, bambancin da ake fuskanta wajen bunkasa tunanin mutum ya haifa daban-daban ra'ayoyin da yayi bayani game da halinsa da kuma samuwar wasu dabi'un hali .
Tushen ka'idoji na ci gaba da tunanin mutum
- Psychoanalytic . Wanda ya kafa shi ne Z. Freud. Dukkan hanyoyin tafiyar da yanayin tunanin mutum sun samo asali a cikin ɓangaren da ba'a sani ba a kowane ɗayanmu. Bugu da ƙari, an yarda da cewa ci gaban psyche yana rinjayar ta hanyar haifar da ilimin jima'i wanda ya samo asali tun lokacin yaro.
- Halitta . Wannan ka'ida ta bunkasa tunanin mutum yana tattare da nazarin psyche ta yadda ya dace da hulɗar mutum da yanayinsa. Tushen psyche shine hikimar, ta hanyar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, fahimta , jihohin jihohin da aka kammala.
- Ƙwararriya . Ayyukan kowane ɗayanmu, tun daga lokacin haihuwa da kuma ƙarewa tare da ranar ƙarshe ta rayuwa, shine, mafi mahimmanci, a cikin wannan zancen kimiyya. Mawallafi ba suyi la'akari da shi ba daidai don la'akari da tunanin mutum, fahimtarta, jin dadi ba tare da ci gaba da ita ba.
- Gestalt . Ma'aikatan wannan ka'idar sunyi imanin cewa matakin bunkasa tunanin mutum yana ƙayyade tunanin. Bugu da ƙari, wannan tsari ya kasu kashi zuwa horo da girma.
- Humanistic . Mutum wani tsarin bude ne wanda zai iya bunkasa kansa. Dukkan mu mutane ne, sabili da haka kamar yadda a ciki akwai kowannensu haɗuwa da halaye. Jigon kowane hali yana da ma'ana, kuma ba a cikin ilmantarwa ba.
- Al'adu da tarihi . Wakilinsa L. Vygotsky, wanda kuma ya ci gaba da ka'idar ci gaba da ayyukan halayyar mutum, ya ga ma'anar psyche akan ikon mutum ya mallaki tunanin kansa da kuma tunanin mutum. Babban manufar motsa jiki shine bincike na cigaba daga batu na wani lokaci na tarihi.