- Adireshin: Vatican City, Cortile del Belvedere
- Waya: +3960669879411
- Tashar yanar gizon: www.vaticanlibrary.va
Babban maɗaukakin Vatican shine ɗakin littafin Apostolic na Vatican, ɗakin ɗumbin littattafan da ke da iko wanda yake kula da Tsakanin Tsakiyar Tsakiyar da Litattafan Renaissance. Paparoma - Nicholas V ya kafa ɗakin karatu a cikin karni na XV. Ana samun cikakkun ɗakunan karatu na yau da kullum, kuma a yau akwai litattafai fiye da miliyan daya da rabi, kimanin mutum dubu ɗari da dubu hamsin, da dubu takwas da ɗari uku na inclubula, fiye da darussa dubu ɗari, da tsabar kudi dubu ɗari uku. Cibiyar Likita na Vatican ta ƙunshi ɗakin makaranta don horar da ilimin kimiyya, wani dakin gwaje-gwaje wanda aka sake dawo da ɗayan ɗakunan.
Ta yaya ɗakin karatu ya sauya kuma ya ci gaba?
Tattara ganuwa na ɗakin karatu ya fara a cikin karni na IV. Wannan taron ya danganta da sunan Paparoma Damascus. Na farko an ajiye takardun a cikin tarihin, kuma a cikin karni na shida ne aka nada mai karatu na farko. A Tsakiyar Tsakiya An kori Vatican Apostolic Library da yawa sau da yawa, saboda haka yawancin takardun sun ɓace.
Wanda ya kirkiro ɗakin karatun Vatican na yanzu yana dauke da Paparoma Nicholas V. Wadanda suka riga shi sun tattara kuma sun adana abubuwa masu mahimmanci, amma Paparoma Nicholas V ne wanda ya ƙara yawan kuɗin ɗakunan karatu, musamman saboda tarin kansa. Bayani na ɗakin karatu ya zama samuwa ga jama'a a 1475, kuma ya ƙidaya fiye da kashi biyu da rabi. Don samun bayanai game da takardun da aka ba da izini kawai a wurin da ke karkashin kulawar mai kula da ɗakin karatu.
A karkashin Paparoma Leo X, Kundin Vatican ya samo takardun litattafai, tun da yake ya ɗauka ya sake haɓaka kuma ya ƙara tarin a matsayin babban aikinsa. A shekara ta 1527, ɗakin ɗakin karatu ya sake lalacewa, lalacewa, da kuma yawancin takardu sun hallaka. Papa Sixtus V ya yanke shawara don matsawa ɗakin ɗakin karatu zuwa sabon wuri. Gine-gine Domenico Fontana ya gina ginin da aka sanya Vatican Apostolic Library a baya. Ya fi girma fiye da yadda aka fara amfani da katako na katako don ajiyar abubuwan nuni.
Bayan karni na arni na 17, al'ada ya bayyana yarda da tarin mutane da kuma sarauta a matsayin kyauta. An kuma sake gina magunguna na Vatican Apostolic Foundation saboda takardun da aka sace a lokacin yakin a wasu jihohi. A wannan batun, ya kamata a ambaci Sarauniya Sweden Christina, wanda ya ba da ɗakin littattafai mai ban sha'awa da yawa da ta tattara da mahaifinta a kasashe daban-daban na duniya.
A farkon karni na XVIII, Clement XI ya ci gaba da tafiya zuwa Siriya da Masar, don wadatawa da sake cika ɗakunan ɗakin karatu. An gano fiye da 150 lambobin da suka ƙawata tarin Rundunonin Vatican.
Harkokin mamaye sojojin Napoleon wani mataki ne na ci gaba da ɗakin ɗakin karatu, tun lokacin da aka ɗebo takardun da aka fitar daga kasar. Daga baya, aka mayar da mafi yawan sata a Vatican.
Shekaru ta 1855 ya zama muhimmin mahimmanci ga ɗakin karatu na Vatican, tun lokacin da aka tattara tarin ya ƙunshi littattafai na Count Chikonyar da rubutun Cardinal May, wanda ya ƙidaya kusan 1,500.
Wani sabon matsala a ci gaba da ɗakin ɗakin karatu shi ne zabar Paparoma Leo XIII, babban mai gyarawa. Shi ne wanda ya bude ɗakin karatu kuma ya buga littattafan da aka buga. Ya kafa dakunan tsaftacewa, ya kafa dokoki don tattara jerin kundin littattafai, waɗanda har yanzu suna aiki a yau. Paparoma Leo XIII ya kara yawan adadin Vatican Apostolic Library a cikin Vatican.
Ayyukan da ake kira Vatican Library ya gane:
- don kiyaye al'adun al'adun da aka ba su;
- sake gwada tarin tare da kowane irin nune-nunen;
- gudanar da bincike kimiyya
- sabunta fasaha yana nufin;
- musayar musayar tare da abokan aiki daga kasashe daban-daban.
Muna tafiya a cikin ɗakin dakunan ɗakin karatu
Ƙungiyar Likita na Vatican babbar babbar ce don saukakawa zuwa cikin ɗakin majalisa. A 1611 wani zauren ya bayyana, wanda ake kira bikin aure na Aldobrandini. Ya ƙunshi wannan fresco, wanda ya nuna bikin auren Alexander the Great da Roxanne. Har ila yau, a cikin zauren suna kiyaye wasu frescoes na tsohuwar, game da IV BC. e. A cikin zauren papyrus an adana shi "Ravensky papyri" Har ila yau, a cikin zauren ana nuna cubes na zinariya tare da ra'ayi na al'amuran daga rayuwar mutane na wancan lokaci.
A shekara ta 1690 aka bude gidan Alexander. Frescos mai bangon ganuwar dakin, magana akan rayuwar da mutuwar Paparoma Pius. Game da rayuwa da pontificate na Paparoma Paul V gaya biyu daga wannan hall. Gidan ajiyar Palatine Library shi ne Taswirar Tarihi na Urban. Har ila yau a kusa da windows na wannan dakin za ka iya ganin kayan kallo.
Zauren, wanda ke kare kayan tarihi na Kiristoci na farko, ya bude a 1756. Sakamakon dattawan Etruscana da Romawa sun kasance a cikin Museum of Art of Art na Vatican Apostolic Library. An sanya wurin, wanda ke dauke da tasoshin jiragen ruwa, da ake kira Pius V. Chapel. Aikin kwaikwayon Clement an yi masa ado da frescoes ta hanyar mala'ika Angelis, yana nuna alamomi daga rayuwar Pius VII.
Shafin zangon ajiya da littattafai ana kiransa salon Sistine. A cikin zauren akwai manyan frescoes wanda ke nuna ɗakin ɗakin karatu na zamanin dā. Hotuna suna kara da sa hannu.
Masu mulki suna da sha'awar godiya kuma sun hada da godiya. An ba Paparoma Pius IX kyauta irin wannan girmamawa, daya daga cikin ɗakin dakunan Ayyukan Apostolic Library na Vatican an ambace shi cikin girmamawarsa. A baya, a cikin wannan zauren, an tabbatar da ɗaukakarsa a cikin girmamawarsa, kuma a halin yanzu an nuna tsoffin masana'anta.
Baya ga tarin littattafai, rubuce-rubuce, gungura da wasu abubuwa, Vatican Apostolic Library shi ne ajiyar kuɗin tsabar kudi da kuma lambobin yabo.
Gudanar da mulki
Har ila yau, yana da ban sha'awa don gudanar da ɗakin karatu na Vatican. A yau, shugaban ɗakin ɗakin karatu shi ne mai sukar lamarin. Babban mataimaki shine mashawarcin (mafi yawancin lokuta da fasaha, da wuya kimiyya). Akwai mataimakin magajin gari, da masu kula da tattarawa da dakuna, da kuma alhakin ɗakunan ajiya da sakataren. Bugu da ƙari, a ƙarƙashin Vatican Apostolic Library, an shirya majalisa, wanda ke da alhakin ba da shawara ga mai sukar littafi da kuma magajin gari.
Yadda za a ziyarci?
Ƙungiyar Apostolic Vatican ta buɗe daga watan Satumba zuwa Yuli. A watan Agusta, ba za a iya yiwuwa a shiga ɗakin karatu ba, tun da wannan watan ne hutu na duk ma'aikata. Cibiyar Apostolic ta bude don ziyara a ranar mako-mako daga 8.45 zuwa 17:15, Asabar da Lahadi sun kasance kwana.
Ba kowa ba ne zai iya zuwa ɗakin karatu. Ba tare da wahala ba, kawai masana kimiyya da dalibai na digiri zasu iya shiga, amma ba a yarda da daliban shiga. Yawon shakatawa na daban ne, sabili da haka, sun biya biyan kudin Tarayyar Turai 16, za ku sami kanka a cikin ɗayan wurare mafi ban mamaki a duniya. Nuanci mai muhimmanci idan ziyartar ɗakin karatu shine bayyanar. Kada tufafinku ya zama mai kama, mai laushi, bude. Masu aikata laifin tufafi ba za su iya shiga ɗakin ɗakin karatu ba.
Don samun zuwa Wakilin Apostolic Vatican, kana buƙatar zabi hanyar dacewa na sufuri:
- Metro: kana buƙatar shiga jirgin kasa a daya daga cikin tashoshi a layin A. Maganar ita ce tashar Musei Vaticani.
- Buses tare da lambobi: 32, 49, 81, 492, 982, 990 za su kai ka zuwa Library na Vatican.
- Lambar tram 19 yana motsawa a hanya mai kyau.
Vatican ya ɗauki tunanin da kasancewa da yawan wuraren tarihi da al'adu a cikin ƙananan yanki. Yana da gari tare da al'adunsa, al'adu da kuma lokuta . Idan kana da damar da za ka ziyarci wannan wuri mai ban mamaki, kada ka yi kuskuren damar ziyarci ɗayan manyan abubuwan jan hankali na Vatican - Ofishin Apostolic.
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