Mycobacterium tarin fuka a magani ne kuma aka sani da itace Koch. Wadannan sune kwayoyin halitta. Kwayoyin yana da girma a girman kuma yana da siffar elongated, yana da ƙananan harsashi. A cikin fassarar daga Girkanci, "myco" yana nufin "naman kaza", wanda ya nuna kama da Koch ta sanda ga mycelium. Wadannan microorganisms suna da matukar damuwa.
Irin maganin tarin Mycobacterium
Dukkan kwayoyin halitta na wannan rukuni zasu iya bambanta cikin haɗari ga mutane da kuma pathogenic yanayin. Bugu da ƙari, kwayoyin, wanda shine wakili na tarin fuka, za a iya rarraba bisa ga sauran sharudda. Ana gudanar da bambanci bisa ga fasali:
- girma girma;
- zafin jiki mafi kyau na ci gaba;
- da damar da bacillus zuwa pigment.
Dukan ƙwayoyin cutar na mycobacteria sun haɗa kai a cikin babban ƙungiyar, mai suna M. tuberculosis. Abokansa sune:
- M. africanum;
- M. microti;
- M. canettii;
- M. Bovis BCG;
- M. sargaye;
- M. pinnipedii da sauransu.
Sauran kwayoyin cutar an dauke su a matsayin wani ɓangaren marasa tayi. Wannan ya hada da waɗannan microorganisms:
- M. intracellulare;
- M. terrae;
- M. scrofulaceum;
- M. chelonae;
- M. fortuitum;
- Mr. leprae da sauransu.
Mycobacteria ya haifar da ci gaba da tarin fuka. Yana da hatsari. Wadannan kungiyoyin mycobacteria na tarin fuka sun fito ne:
- Photochromogenic - wakilan wannan nau'in a cikin duhu ba su da launi, amma idan sun fara haske sai su sami haske mai launi. Ƙananan zafin jiki na bacillus ci gaba shine 32 ° C.
- Skotochromogenic - wadannan microorganisms an kafa a cikin duhu, saboda sunan su na musamman daga harshen Helenanci ya fassara zuwa "duhu". Yawan girma ya bambanta daga kwanaki 30 zuwa 60. Lokacin da irin wannan ƙwayar ya shiga yarinyar yaron ko yaron yaron, ya shafi tsarin lymphatic.
- Neofrochromogenic - wakilai na wannan rukuni ba su da ban sha'awa, amma idan sun isa haske sun samo launi mai launin rawaya. Tsawon ci gaba shine 2-4 makonni.
- Fast - girma - wakilai na wannan rukuni na iya zama marar launi da kuma pigmented. Su ci gaba yana ci gaba da sauri. Daga lokacin da aka samu zuwa lokaci na karshe microorganism ya wuce daga kwanaki 7 zuwa 10.
Analysis for Mycobacterium tarin fuka
Ana iya amfani da hanyoyi daban-daban na bincike don gano wannan rashin lafiya. An tsara matakan kayan aiki da kuma amfani da gwajin gwaje-gwaje. Na farko sun hada da irin wannan hanyar ganewar asali:
- Fluorography - ba ka damar samun sakamako a cikin minti;
- Hanyoyin X - hotuna suna aikatawa a madaidaiciya da tsinkaya na gefen;
- Hidimar kwaikwayo ta lissafi ita ce hanyar da ta fi dacewa (yana ba da cikakken sakamako).
Hanyar bincike na bincike na bincike:
- nazarin sputum a kan mycobacterium tarin fuka;
- Hanyar hanyar haɓaka ta polymerase;
- nazarin jini na jini da fitsari;
- Kashe microscopy;
- wani gwajin immunosorbent wanda ya danganta da enzyme wanda ya bada damar gano kwayoyin cutar zuwa mycobacteria na tarin fuka;
- jiki biopsy.
Jirgin jini don ƙwayar cutar mycobacterium
Wannan gwaji ya ƙunshi ganewa na haɗari da halayen enzymatic. A farkon, antigens suna da hannu - kwayoyin da ke dauke da bayanai game da wani tantanin halitta. Idan tsarin rigakafi bai gane asirin "lambar" ba, yana nuna "ƙararrawa". Wannan rigakafi yana daura ga antigen da "kasashen waje" ya rushe haɗuwa da tantanin halitta. Abinda ke ciki a cikin Enzymatic yakan faru ne lokacin da aka canza wani abu zuwa wani.
Na gode da irin wannan matakan da ke faruwa a cikin kwayoyin jikinsu, kwayoyin cutar zuwa mycobacteria na tarin fuka an ƙaddara. Wannan bincike an yi a cikin komai a ciki. Bugu da ƙari, 'yan kwanaki kafin a aiwatar da shi, mai haƙuri ya bar kayan abinci mai gauraye da abinci maras nauyi. Ruwan nazarin halittu ya tattara ta hanyar tsari.
A cikin lafiya mutum, kwayoyin da ke cikin kungiyoyi G da M ba za su kasance a cikin jini ba. Sakamakon waɗannan abubuwa yana nuna kasancewar kamuwa da cuta a cikin huhu. Duk da haka, ganowa guda ɗaya daga cikin wadannan kwayoyin cutar bai samar da dama don sadarwar ganewar asali ba. Don tabbatar da masu haƙuri, zazzage ƙwayoyin microscopy da walƙiya ko rahotannin X za a iya tsara su.
Binciken Sputum na cutar tarin fuka na mycobacterium
Don yin wannan bincike, an yi amfani da akwati na asali. Nan da nan kafin a tara tarin kwayar cutar a kan ƙwayar cutar ta mycobacterium, mai yin haƙuri ya kamata ya yi hakora. Idan ba a yi wannan ba, za a gurɓata sakamakon da microorganisms masu cutarwa ke cikin ɓangaren murya. Sputum a kan mycobacterium tarin fuka ne mafi alhẽri a safiya - bayan barcin dare. Ta shiga cikin akwati mara lafiya, wanda ya kamata a rufe shi nan da nan.
Ka ɓoye a cikin duhu da wuri mai sanyi. Lokacin mafi kyau daga lokacin sputum tarin zuwa binciken shine 2 hours. Anyi shi ne ta hanyar waɗannan hanyoyin:
- bacterioscopic;
- bacteriological.
Hanyar farko ita ce yin amfani da microscope. A hanya ta biyu, ana gudanar da binciken kamar haka:
- An yi amfani da Sputum tare da "gwargwado" na musamman.
- Ana aika tube zuwa gaúrar, wanda ke haifar da yanayi na musamman don ci gaban kwayoyin cuta.
- An hada sabon carbon dioxide tare da dye.
- Ana kiyasta matakin fure-fuka akan nau'in microorganisms a cikin gwajin gwaji.
Abubuwa na Tarin fuka na Mycobacterium
Halin halayen waɗannan kwayoyin halitta masu haɗari sun ƙayyade sunadaran sunadaran. Koch's stick itace 80% ruwa da 3% ash. Kasashen bushe sun ƙunshi kashi 40 cikin hamsin sunadaran da adadin polysaccharides. Tashin fuka-fuka na mycobacterium (asali da sauran microorganisms na wannan rukuni) suna da guba. Yana da mahimmanci a cikin mai rai da ƙuƙwalwar Koch.
Mycobacterium tarin fuka - kwanciyar hankali a cikin yanayin waje
Ƙungiyar Koch ta bambanta da "survivability" daga wasu bacilli. Tashin fuka na Mycobacterium yana da tsayayya ga yanayin da ke biyowa:
- acid;
- barasa;
- alkaline.
A cikin ruwa, sandan Koch yana riƙe da cututtuka har zuwa kwanaki 150. A cikin kayayyakin kiwo, waɗannan bacilli na rayuwa har zuwa watanni 10. Sanin yadda zafin jiki na mycobacterium na tarin fuka ya mutu, zaka iya hana haifuwa. Hasken rana kai tsaye neutralizes Koch ta wand a 4-5 hours. Bugu da ƙari, microorganisms halaka domin rabin sa'a a zafin jiki na 85 ° C ko fiye.
Drug juriya na mycobacterium tarin fuka
Don gano magungunan da aka hana su a cikin maganin, ana amfani da kwayar cutar. Akwai wasu dalilai na juriya na Koch ta sanda zuwa kwayoyi:
- Halittu - kasa samuwa na miyagun ƙwayoyi.
- Ta hanyar laifin mai haƙuri - ana daukar maganin rashin daidaito, an canza sashi a kan kansa, da sauransu.
- Sakamakon cutar - maganin tarin fuka da ke cutar da cutar ya canza pH. Wannan yana rikici da aikin miyagun ƙwayoyi.
Masanan cututtukan zamani, suna aiki akan cutar mycobacterium
Lokacin da za a zabi hanyar don rigakafin tsabtace jiki, dole ne a la'akari da kwanciyar hankali mai kyau na sandun Koch. Wanda ake zargi da cutar tarin fuka ya mutu a ƙarƙashin rinjayar irin wadannan cututtuka:
- 5% chloramine;
- 0.5% biki;
- soda ash.
Hanyar kamuwa da cuta tare da mycobacteria tarin fuka
Rashin haɗari ga wasu shi ne marasa lafiya wadanda ke shan wahala daga wata cuta ta bude . Hanyar mafi yawan hanyar kamuwa da cuta tare da mycobacterium tarin fuka kamar haka:
- fil;
- iska-drip;
- intrauterine;
- abinci.