Nazarin halitta a lokacin daukar ciki

A kowace shekara a duniya akwai kimanin yara miliyan 8 da halayen kwayoyin halitta. Hakika, ba za ku iya tunanin wannan ba kuma kuna fata ba za a taba ku ba. Amma, saboda wannan dalili, nazarin kwayoyin halitta shine samun shahararrun a ciki a yau.

Kuna iya dogara da abin da zai faru, amma ba duk abin yiwuwa ba ne don hango ko hasashen, kuma ya fi dacewa don kokarin hana babban mummunan hatsari a cikin iyali. Yawancin cututtuka masu yawa da za a raba su za a iya kaucewa idan kun sha magani a lokacin tsarawa na ciki. Kuma duk abin da ake buƙatar shi ne ka fara tattaunawa na farko tare da wani dan halitta. Bayan haka, shi ne DNA naka (naka da mijinki) wanda ke ƙayyade lafiyarka da yanayin halayyar ɗanka ...

Kamar yadda aka riga aka ambata, dole ne a tuntubi wannan gwani a tsarin tsarawa na ciki. Dikita zai iya hango lafiyar lafiyar jaririn nan gaba, ƙayyadad da hadarin bayyanar cututtukan cututtuka, ya gaya maka abin da bincike da gwaje-gwajen kwayoyin dole ne a yi don kaucewa ilimin cututtuka.

Nazarin kwayoyin halitta, wanda aka gudanar a yayin lokacin tsarawa da kuma lokacin daukar ciki, ya bayyana dalilin da ya sa ya rabu da shi, ya ƙaddamar da hadarin cututtuka na nakasa da cututtuka a cikin tayin, a ƙarƙashin rinjayar abubuwan da ke tattare da tetragonal kafin zuwan ciki da lokacin daukar ciki.

Tabbatar da tuntuɓi dan jari-hujja idan:

• uwa mai tsammanin fiye da shekaru 35;
• a cikin iyali akwai cututtukan da ke da nasaba;
• An haife shi yaro tare da nakasawar haihuwa;
• abin da cututtuka ke fuskanta a lokacin ɗaukar ciki ko a lokacin ciki (X-ray, shan wasu magunguna, radiation);
• a yayin da ake ciki, mahaifiyar mahaifiyar ta kama shi ta hanyar kamuwa da cututtuka masu tsari (toxoplasmosis, rubella, cututtuka na numfashi, mura);
• idan mace tana da rashin aure ko kuma haihuwa;
• mata masu juna biyu waɗanda ke cikin hatsari don nazarin kwayoyin halitta da duban dan tayi.

Gwajin gwaje-gwaje da gwaje-gwaje da ake yi a lokacin daukar ciki

Ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin da za a ƙayyade ƙetare a cikin ci gaban tayin shine jarrabawar intrauterine, wadda aka gudanar tare da taimakon duban dan tayi ko nazarin kwayoyin halitta. Tare da duban dan tayi, an tayi tayin - wannan wata hanya ce mai kariya. Na farko da duban dan tayi ne aka gudanar a makonni 10-14. Tuni a wannan lokaci, yana yiwuwa a tantance ƙwayoyin cututtuka na tayi na tayi. Na biyu an shirya duban dan tayi ne a makonni 20-22, lokacin da yawancin abubuwan da ke cikin ci gaba na gabobin ciki, da fuska da ƙwayoyin jikin tayin sun riga sun ƙaddara. A makon 30-32, duban dan tayi yana taimakawa wajen gano ƙananan lahani a cikin ci gaban tayi, yawan ruwan amniotic da ciwon hauka. A sharuɗɗa 10-13 da 16-20 makonni, an gudanar da bincike akan kwayar jini a lokacin daukar ciki, an tabbatar da alamar halitta. An kira hanyoyin da ake kira ba ɓacin rai ba. Idan ana gano alamun bincike a cikin waɗannan nazarin, to, wajibi ne a gwada hanyoyin bincike.

A cikin rikici, likitoci "sun mamaye" ramin mahaifa: suna daukar kayan don bincike kuma sun yanke hukuncin karyotype na fetal tare da cikakkiyar daidaito, wanda ya sa ya yiwu a ware cututtukan cututtuka irin su Down's syndrome, Edwards da sauransu. Hanyoyin hanzari sune:

• Cipion biopsy - Kwayoyin suna ɗauke da su daga ciwon gaba gaba ta hanyar fashewa na bango na ciki na baya. An gudanar da shi tsawon makonni 9 zuwa 9. Hanyar ba ta dadewa ba, sakamakon zai zama kwanaki 3-4, yiwuwar rashin kuskure - 2%. Amma idan sun gano kwayoyin halitta, to yana yiwuwa a katse ciki cikin farkon matakan;
• amniocentesis - bincike akan ruwan amniotic a makonni 16-24 na gestation. Wannan ita ce hanya mafi kyau, saboda yawan rikitarwa ba fiye da 1% ba. Amma sakamakon zai jira na dogon lokaci, kamar yadda masana kimiyya "girma" suke, kuma wannan tsari yana daukan lokaci;
• Cordocentesis - tayi amfani da igiyar tayi na tayin yanda aka karbi tarin jini, ana gudanar da shi tsawon tsawon mako 20-25. Wannan cikakken bincike ne, wanda aka aiwatar da shi na kwanaki 5;
• placentocentesis - samfurori daga cikin kwayoyin jikinsu, daga cikin mahaifa, dauke da kwayoyin tayi. Haɗarin rikitarwa shine 3-4%.

Lokacin da aka aiwatar da wadannan hanyoyin, hadarin rikitarwa yana da girma, saboda haka nazarin kwayoyin halitta akan ciki da tayin an gudanar da shi bisa ga alamun likita. Bugu da ƙari, ga marasa lafiya daga rukunin haɗari na kwayoyin, waɗannan mata suna yin nazari idan akwai hadarin cututtuka, canja wurin wanda aka haɗa da jima'i na yaro. Don haka, alal misali, idan mace ta kasance mai dauke da kwayar hemophilia, to sai ta ba da ita ga 'ya'yanta. A cikin nazarin, zaka iya gane kasancewar maye gurbin.

Wadannan gwaje-gwaje ne kawai a cikin asibiti a asibiti karkashin kulawar duban dan tayi, saboda mace a matsayin halin da ya kamata ya kasance a karkashin kulawar kwararru na tsawon sa'o'i. Ana iya sanya shi magani don hana yiwuwar rikitarwa.

Lokacin amfani da waɗannan hanyoyin bincike, har zuwa 300 na 5000 cututtuka na kwayoyin halitta za'a iya gano su.