Formation da ci gaba da hali

Psychology ya bambanta hanyoyi masu yawa zuwa nazarin manufofi na ainihi, ka'idoji da aka samu, ci gaban mutum. Yana da mahimmanci a lura a nan cewa babban bambance-bambance shine fahimtar abin da ke motsa dakarun da ke motsawa ga bunkasa, abin da tasirin duniya ke kewaye da shi a kan samuwar.

Kowace ka'idar ka'idar ta ɗauka ta hanyar da ta dace game da ci gaba da ci gaba da cigaba da halin mutum: Saboda haka, ka'idar dabi'a ta nuna cewa an halicci kome a cikin kowane lokaci na rayuwa, kuma dabi'un hali sun canza bisa ga ka'idojin da ba na halitta ba.

Ka'idodin Psychoanalytic sunyi imanin cewa ya kamata a dauki ci gaba yadda ya dace da dabi'ar halitta ta kowannenmu don yin hulɗa tare da al'umma, yayin da yake samar da hanyoyi don biyan bukatun mutum wanda "super-I" ya bayyana (a wasu kalmomi, jagororin halayyar mutum).

Ka'idar ilmantarwa ta zamantakewa ta gani a cikin wannan aikace-aikace na hanyoyi da dama na hulɗa tsakanin kowacce mutum. Hanyoyin ɗan adam yana kula da samuwa da ci gaba da halin mutum a matsayin tsari na zama mutum ta kai.

Ka'idoji da kuma bunkasa halin mutum a cikin ilimin halin yau da kullum

Masu bincike daga ko'ina cikin duniya suna la'akari da wannan batu daga wasu kusurwoyi. Ƙarfafa yanayin da aka tsara don daidaitaccen tsarin mutum. Wannan ra'ayi yana nazarin ka'idojin ci gaban mutum daga ra'ayi na canje-canje tsakanin bangarori daban-daban. Babban abu a cikin batun haɗin kai shine ka'idar ka'idar Erickson.

Mawallafin dan Adam yana bin tsarin da ake kira epigenetic (a cikin rayuwar kowane mutum akwai wasu matakai, wanda aka tsara ta kwayoyin halitta, ta hanyar abin da hali ya wuce daga haihuwa zuwa ƙarshe). Bisa ga koyarwarsa, namu na sirri yana aiwatar da tsari mai yawa. Kowace mataki tana nuna canje-canje a cikin ci gaba na ciki na duniya na mutum, dangantaka da wasu.

Erickson ya ba da gudummawa ga nazarin abubuwan da suka shafi haɓakawa da ci gaba da halayyar mutum, bayan ganowa, yana kwatanta manyan lokuta na rikice-rikice da kuma matakai na ci gaban mutum.

Rashin Rayuwa

Erickson ya yi imanin cewa ana fuskantar matsalolin halin rayuwa a cikin rayuwar kowanenmu:

1. Shekara na farko shine rikici na gamuwa da sabuwar duniya.
2. Shekaru 2-3 - lokaci na gwagwarmaya na mutunci da kunya.
3. Shekaru uku da shekaru 7-7 - yakin basira tare da ma'anar laifi.
4. Shekaru 7-13 - 'yan adawa na sha'awar aiki da ƙananan bala'i.
5. Shekaru 18 zuwa 18 - ƙalubalantar kwarewa a matsayin mutum da launin toka.
6. Shekaru 20 - haɗin kai, zumunci da rabuwar ciki.
7. Shekaru 30-60 - sha'awar ilmantar da ƙananan ƙananan tsara, kuma kada ku rufe a kanku.
8. Fiye da shekaru 60 - gamsuwa, sha'awar rayuwar mutum kamar yadda ya saba da tsangwama.

Matsayin ci gaba da kuma samuwar

1. Mataki na farko (shekaru 1 na rayuwa): akwai sha'awar sadarwa tare da mutane, ko kuma haɓaka daga jama'a tare da su.
2. Mataki na biyu (shekaru 2-3): 'yancin kai, amincewar kanka.
3. Na uku, na hudu (3-6 shekaru da 7-13): son sani, damuwarsa, sha'awar nazarin duniya, ci gaba da halayyar sadarwa da fahimta.
4. Sashe na biyar (shekaru 13-20): yin jima'i da rayuwar kai tsaye.
5. Shekaru (shekaru 20-50): gamsuwa tare da gaskiyar, ilimi na zamani na gaba.
6. Na bakwai (shekarun 50-60): cikakke mai rai, rayuwa mai ban sha'awa, girman kai ga 'ya'yansu.
7. Na takwas (fiye da shekaru 60): ikon karɓar tunani game da mutuwa, bincike na nasarori na mutum, lokaci na kima na ayyuka, yanke shawara na baya.