An yi amfani da bishiyar asparagus ta musamman da amfanin gona masu amfani da gaske, an samar da shuka wannan tsire-tsire da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire a yawancin kasashen duniya na ƙarni da yawa. A yanzu ba'a ƙara yin amfani da dadi mai mahimmanci ga 'yan majalisa ba, da tabbatar da samun izinin zama na dindindin a yawancin wuraren abinci.
Asparagus bayanin
Tsire-tsire na bishiyar asparagus an samo a duk yankuna, amma mafi yawansu suna girma a kasashe da yanayin bushe. Yana wakiltar wani abincin da ke cike da tsayi mai tsawo har zuwa mita daya da rabi, daga abin da suke karɓa daga 9 zuwa 12 nau'i mai tushe mai kyau, wanda aka shirya don amfani daga Afrilu zuwa Yuni. Babban farashin bishiyar bishiyar asparagus yana hade da wani ɗan gajeren lokaci na ripening, da yawan amfanin ƙasa da kuma wani ɗan gajeren rayuwar rayuwa. Lokacin da buds suna overripe, buds suna da ƙarfi da kuma rasa dandano, saboda haka jinkiri a tsabtatawa ba a yarda.
A tallace-tallace akwai bishiyar asparagus, fararen furanni, kore da kayan lambu, hanyar hanyar namo mai cin ganyayyaki yana haifar da launi na samarwa da kuma abincin dandano. Domin samun furanni, ana ci gaba da shafe su, suna kare su daga rana. Idan aka yi amfani da ƙasa na 'ya'yan itace a hankali, ba da bishiyar bishiyar asparagus damar samun kwaskwarima a ƙarƙashin hasken wuta, to, ya fi samuwa da kullun. Bishiyar bishiyar asparagus tana girma ne a karkashin sararin sama ba tare da wani tsaunuka ba.
Daban Asparagus
Yanzu, bishiyar asparagus don girma a gonar da gonar ana amfani dashi mafi yawan namiji, yana magana akan matasan da aka zazzage su. Ba ya samar da tsaba mai cikakke, a shirye don shuka, amma yana da ƙãra yawan amfanin ƙasa da tsirrai da tsirrai. Jirgin ruwa na zaɓi na kasashen waje Jersey Giant, Jersey Prince, Jersey Knight, Syn 53, UC 157, Syn 4-362 bai zama mummunar ba.
A wannan lokacin, an yi amfani da nau'in nau'o'in wannan tsire-tsire. A cikin kasuwancin kasuwanci, tsaba na bishiyar asparagus, kayan ado ko kayan lambu mai ban sha'awa. Ba kamar hybrids ba, iri dake haifar da gida, idan ana so, zaku iya samun nauyin ku don dalilai. Gwargwadon darasi sune shahararren bishiyar asparagus don amfanin gonar Slava Braunschweig, Snow Head da Argentine Late.
Shuka bishiyar asparagus a cikin ƙasa
Wannan filin amfanin gona yana da dukiya na duniya, ana dasa bishiyar asparagus ta yankan, rarraba daji da amfani da tsaba. Hanyar karshen hanya tana haɗuwa da wasu matsalolin, sau da yawa ɗalibai suna kokawa da rashin talauci. Noma na al'adun gargajiya zai zama hanya mai kyau ga mutanen da ba su da kawayar daji ko kuma suna zaune a wuraren da wannan shuka yake da wuya. Masu sha'awar da suke sha'awar bishiyar asparagus, noma da kuma haifar da wata shuka mai ban mamaki za su iya rubuto iri-iri da aka zaɓa ta hanyar wasiku, ta samo tsaba a duk faɗin duniya.
Bishiyar asparagus - wurin dasa
Idan kai tsaye shuka shuka a gonar a cikin bazara, zai zama da wuya a sami sakamako mai kyau ga mai siyar kayan lambu. Bishiyar asparagus ya fi girma daga tsaba ta hanyar cin abinci, amma ana amfani da shi a cikin kwantena, kuma ana amfani da nauyin kanta da magani tare da shirye-shiryen motsi don bunkasa yawan germination. Umarni don amfanin gona na wannan al'ada yana da sauki da sauƙi a yi a gida.
Namo na bishiyar asparagus daga tsaba:
- A cikin kwanakin farko na Afrilu, zamu kwantar da tsaba na tsawon sa'o'i 48 a cikin wani bayani na ruwa tare da cikewar ci gaban ("Epin", "Zircon" , wasu ma'anoni masu amfani).
- Don dasa shuki, muna amfani da kwantena da ƙasa, wanda ya kunshi cakuda manya, peat da ƙasa mai laushi daga gonar ka (1: 1: 1).
- Tsaba ya rufe ƙasa tare da Layer na 1 cm, sanya su bisa ga makirci na 6x6 cm.
- Rasa ƙasa tare da ruwa daga sprayer.
- Don lokacin shuka, muna rufe kwantena da fim ko tari don kada ƙasa ta bushe.
- Ana kiyaye yawan zazzabi a cikin akwati a kimanin 25-27 ° C.
- Muna ba da albarkatun gona a lokaci-lokaci.
- Lokacin shuka tsaba shine har zuwa makonni 6! Dole ne ku jira dogon har sai bishiyar bishiyar asparagus ta bayyana, da noma wannan al'ada yana bukatar tsufa.
Saukowa lokaci a cikin bishiyar asparagus
Young seedlings na shuka su ne mafi yawan rauni fiye da kayan dasa, wanda aka samu vegetatively. Bai isa ya samo bishiyar bishiyar bishiyar bishiyar bishiyar bishiyar bishiyar bishiyar bishiyar bishiyar bishiyar bishiyar bishiyar bishiyar bishiyar bishiyar bishiyar asparagus ba, lokacin da za a shuka raunin harbe a ƙasa, dole ne a zabi mafi daidai. Saplings wacce ba a ke so ba a tsakiyar yankin don a canja wuri zuwa wuri na dindindin kafin shekara ta biyu na Yuni. Bishiyar asparagus ita ce tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire, amma ƙananan ƙwayoyi na iya sha wahala daga sanyi.
Shuka asparagus sprouts
A cikin watan Maris-Yuni, sauƙin yaduwar kayan lambu da aka fi so daga cuttings, samun kyakkyawan shuka daga harbe-harbe na bara, yanke daga tsire-tsire masu tsirrai. Ana dasa bishiyar bishiyar asparagus a cikin ƙasa na bude shi ne ana aiwatar da shi a karkashin hoods, wanda aka sanya daga kwalabe na filastik. A lokacin da ake saro yana da kyau don yin amfani da ita da kuma fusatar da harbe, cire murfin tsaro na tsawon sa'o'i kadan a cikin lokacin hadari ko lokacin maraice. A cikin wata da rabi, seedlings za su kasance a shirye don potting.
Makirci don dasa bishiyar asparagus a filin bude - ka'idodin dokoki
Dole ne mu manta cewa muna aiki da al'adun bishiyar bishiyar bishiyar bishiyar bishiyar bishiyar bishiyar bishiyar bishiyar bishiyar bishiyar bishiyar bishiyar bishiyar bishiyar asparagus. Dogaye da gado a kananan ƙananan gida ya kamata a sanya shi tare da shinge ko bango. Hanyar sau da yawa ta dace da manyan wurare inda aka dasa bishiyar asparagus, yana bunkasa shi a wannan yanayin a cikin furrows har zuwa 30 cm. Tsakanin layuka mun bar nesa zuwa 1 m.
Bishiyar asparagus seedlings - dasa shuki kwanakin
Ga ƙasa mai mahimmanci, ƙwayoyin bishiyar asparagus ne masu kyau da kuma iko su dace, girma mai rauni, rashin lafiya da marasa dacewar seedlings suna ba da sakamako mai kyau, ya kamata a jefar da su nan da nan. Daga gine-gine, ana shuka shuki a cikin kasar a cikin farkon watanni na bazara, lokacin da kasar gona ta warke sosai. Idan kun kasance cikin tsire-tsire a cikin hunturu da kuma karɓar tsaka-tsakin al'ada ta lokacin rani, to, ku canja su a cikin ƙasa ba tare da bayan tsakiyar watan Yuni ba, don haka harbe yana da lokaci don dacewa da sanyi.
Bishiyar asparagus - yanayin girma
Kowane gona da abin da manomi na noma ke so ya sami girbi mai kyau yana buƙatar matsakaiciyar watering, da takin mai, satar ƙasa da kuma kauyen weeds a cikin aisles. Kula da bishiyar bishiyar asparagus ba abu ne mai wuya ba, duk ayyukan da ake yi na noma za a iya jera a cikin sassan layi. Abu mafi muhimmanci shine aikin gudanar da aikin noma da kiyaye daidaitattun maganin lokacin amfani da takin mai magani na ma'adinai.
Shuka bishiyar asparagus a kasar - watering
Bishiyar asparagus yana so girma da barin tare da matsakaici watering, lokacin da ruwa ya kawo karkashin tushen a daidai lokacin lokaci a cikin kananan allurai. Don magance shi a cikin wannan al'amari bazai kasance ba, tsinkayyar damuwa mai tsawo a kusa da tushen amfanin shuka ba zai kawo ba. Don samun girbi mai kyau, akwai sauyawa bakwai masu kyau a lokacin bazara. Zai zama abin da zai dace don biye da su tare da yaduwa tare da mahimmancin ƙwayar ƙasa.
Shuka bishiyar asparagus a gida - saman miya
Ba tare da haɗuwa ba daidai ba, aikin noma na zamani baza'a iya tunaninta ba. Don amfanin bishiyar asparagus na tsawon lokaci don girma da kulawa a cikin ƙasa, kuna buƙatar bunkasa lokaci don ciyar da lokaci. Dole ne a fara aiki na farko yayin dasa shuki, ana gyara wadannan kayan ma'adinai a cikin ƙasa a cikin kakar girma.
Terms of top-dressing of bishiyar asparagus:
- A lokacin da dasa a cikin bazara, za ka iya yin Organic taki (humus) a wata kudi na 10 kg / m².
- A cikin watanni na kaka, lokacin da aka dasa bishiyar asparagus a kan 1 m 2 na ƙasa, har zuwa 60 g na superphosphate, 30 g na potassium sulfate, 10 g na ammonium sulphate an ba.
- A bayani na ruwa tare da tsarma mullein (1: 5) an ciyar da matasa kayan lambu a watan bayan dasa.
- Spring top miya na adult bishiyar asparagus shrubs shi ne don amfani nitrogen-potassium-phosphorus da takin mai magani. Dosage - har zuwa 30 g / m 2 na ƙasa.
- Girbin naman asparagus yana faruwa a ƙarshen bazara ko farkon lokacin rani, bayan an girbe bishiyoyi masu tsirrai tare da superphosphate, gishiri mai potassium da urea (30 g / m 2 ). Wadannan ayyuka suna taimakawa wajen samar da ƙarfi.
- A Yuli, bishiyar asparagus ta ci gaba da girma da kuma buƙatar kayan abinci, taimakawa wajen ciyar da tsuntsaye mai tsarrai (1:10).
- An yi amfani da takin mai magani na farko kafin a fara sanyi a watan Oktoba. Nitrogen don bada bishiyar asparagus a cikin fall ba zai iya, isa phosphorus da kuma potassium components (30 g / m 2 superphosphate da potassium sulfate).
- A karshen kakar wasa, mun cire tsoffin furanni na bishiyar bishiyar asparagus a cikin kaka, a cikin yankunan sanyi muna yin tsari na bishiyoyi tare da peat. Zaka iya zuba lakaran ƙasa a saman tsire-tsire tare da kauri na 5 cm don hana su daskarewa.
Namo na bishiyar asparagus - cututtuka da kwari
Wani mummunar cututtukan bishiyar bishiyar asparagus ita ce ja rotating ta hanyar naman gwari Helicobasidium purpureum. Idan akwai babban launi na shafin, ana kula da sutura a cikin gadaje, saboda mutuwar gabobin da ke cikin ƙasa a cikin ƙwayoyin da aka cutar. Bishiyar asparagus - tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire, tsire-tsire masu girma tare da aikace-aikace na ka'idojin fasahar aikin gona sun taimaka wajen yaki wannan cutar. Don rigakafi, ana kula da bishiyoyi tare da "Fundazol" , idan naman gwari ya riga ya yada a kan babban yanki, yana da kyau a sanya sabon shafin.
Sau da yawa a kan shuka za ka iya samun kwari duhu wanda ba ya iya fahimta wanda ke cin ganyayyaki. Strong kwaro infestation results a asarar yawan amfanin ƙasa ko mutuwar matasa bushes. Tsuntsar bishiyar asparagus sunyi mummunar lalacewar harbe, suna yayyafa su da kwari. Tare da kwari mai cutarwa (bishiyar bishiyar asparagus irin ƙwaro, bishiyar asparagus kwari) yayatawa da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire tare da kwari "Fufanon" ko "Fitoverm" .