Harkokin intrauterine na tayi a wani lokaci yana da kuskure, wanda zai haifar da canji a cikin tsarin wasu kwayoyin. Kimanin kashi 1 cikin 100 na jariran an haife shi tare da cututtukan zuciya. Wannan rukuni ne na cututtukan cututtukan da ke da haɗari waɗanda suke buƙatar magani mai kyau.
Me ya sa aka haifa waɗanda aka haifa da cututtukan zuciya?
Babban abin da ke haifar da matsala da aka yi la'akari shi ne farfadowa (ma'anar mahaifa ko canje-canje na chromosomal). A mafi yawancin lokuta, yanayin waje mara kyau ya zama maɗaukakiyar ma'anar maye gurbin. Ciwon cututtuka na yara a yara - dalilai:
- daukan hotuna zuwa radiation radiation;
- da amfani da mahaifiyar barazanar giya ko magunguna masu guba.
- shan taba;
- rayuwa a cikin yanki tare da talaucin rashin lafiya;
- amfani da wasu magunguna a lokacin daukar ciki;
- shekarun mahaifinsa da mahaifiyarsa fiye da 45;
- matsanancin matsanancin matsala a cikin lokacin gestation;
- sana'ar sana'a, mummunan tasirin lafiyar iyaye.
Ƙila ƙila ƙwayar cutar zuciya a cikin yara, wanda iyayenta suke da cututtuka masu zuwa:
- ciwon sukari mellitus;
- Rubul ;
- adenoviruses;
- pox na kaza;
- ciwon hepatitis;
- herpes simplex;
- listeriosis;
- syphilis;
- tarin fuka;
- Tsinkaya;
- toxo- da mycoplasmosis;
- endocrine cuta;
- tsarin lupus erythematosus;
- phenylketonuria.
Cutar zuciya a yara - rarrabuwa
Kwararrun cututtuka sun rarraba pathologies da aka bayyana a cikin kungiyoyi 3. Na farko ya hada da kowace cututtukan zuciya a cikin yara, wanda ke nuna cikas ga ƙaryar jini daga ventricles. Hanyoyin da suka fi dacewa su ne maganin rikice-rikice masu rikice-rikice, ruguwar ƙwayar cuta da kuma haɗuwa da aorta. Sauran ƙungiyoyi biyu sun haɗa da yawancin cututtuka, suna buƙatar yin la'akari da daki-daki.
Ciwon zuciya na zuciya
Irin wannan cuta kuma ana kiransa farin. Tare da irin wadannan cututtuka, jini marar jini ba ya haɗuwa da jinin jini, an cire shi daga gefen hagu na zuciya zuwa dama. Wadannan sun haɗa da:
- lahani na interatrial da kuma interventricular septa;
- bude kogin arterial;
- sadarwa ta AV;
- tsarin;
- ware ruwan kwalliya;
- lahani bakwai;
- dystopia .
Yara da aka haifa da ciwon zuciya na irin wanda aka kwatanta, baya baya a ci gaban jiki, musamman ma a ɓangaren ƙananan ɓangaren. Kusa da tsufa (shekaru 10-12), sun fara jin ciwo na ciwo mai tsanani a cikin mummunan ciki da ciki, suna shan damuwa da dyspnea. Kwayar cutar tana ci gaba da sauri kuma tana buƙatar magani mai mahimmanci.
Cutar zuciya ta Blue
Sunan wannan rukuni na cututtuka na al'ada yana hade da halayyar fata a cikin ci gaban cutar. Idan an haifi yaro tare da ciwon zuciya na nau'i a cikin tambaya, yana da lakabi da fuska cyanotic, inuwa mai tsaka-tsakin ɗan kwalliya. Irin wannan cututtukan ya haɗa da cuta masu zuwa:
- Ƙungiyar Eisenmenger;
- tiad, tetralogy na Fallot;
- cikakken fasalin manyan tasoshin;
- Ebstein anomaly;
- Kayan kwaskwarima na al'ada;
- atresia na tuduspid valve.
Ciwon zuciya a cikin yaro - alamun bayyanar cututtuka
Bayanin asibiti na ƙungiyar pathologies da aka gabatar sun dogara da nau'insu, lokaci na cigaba tare da ci gaba da ƙaddarar jini da yanayin cutar hemodynamic. Cutar da ke ciki a cikin kananan yara suna da wadannan alamun bayyanar:
- cyanosis ko pallor na fata da mucous membranes;
- damuwa;
- ba da nono;
- Rashin gajiya bayan da aka fara shayarwa;
- lalacewar darajar barci;
- m kira;
- yanayin sanyi .
Ciwon cututtuka na cututtukan zuciya a yara ya karu da shekaru. Mazan da yaron ya zama, ƙarar da ake magana shine bayyanar cutar:
- lag a cikin ci gaban jiki;
- zafi a cikin kirji, kai;
- kumburi;
- Zuciya ta cika;
- rashin ƙarfi na numfashi;
- suma;
- tachycardia;
- arrhythmias;
- kumburi na tasoshin mahaifa;
- lalatawar kirji;
- rashin lafiyar jini;
- dizziness;
- apathy da lethargy;
- rauni na tsoka.
Sanin asalin cututtukan zuciya a yara
Neman bincike na kayan zamani na taimakawa wajen gane matsalar da aka yi la'akari. Dangane da nau'in cutar da ake tsammani, ƙwarewar cututtukan zuciya a yara ya haɗa da:
- Hanyar sadarwa;
- sake nazarin rediyo;
- echocardiography (wani lokaci tare da dopplerography);
- yanayin hoton magnetic da kuma lissafin rubutu;
- Alamar hoto;
- Alamar bayanai;
- sauti.
Yadda za a magance cututtukan zuciya a cikin yara?
Dukkan hanyoyin maganin cututtuka da aka kwatanta sun kasu kashi masu mahimmanci da mazan jiya. Magungunan magani na cututtukan zuciya na yara a cikin yara shine sauƙaƙe hanyar ceton rayuwar jaririn, saboda haka ana yin aikin tiyata ko da a lokacin ci gaban intrauterine kuma nan da nan bayan haihuwa. A cikin hadadden ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin magungunan, an buƙatar sabbin sifofin lafiya.
Magunguna na cututtukan zuciya a cikin yara shine bayyanar cututtuka ko farfadowa na asibiti a kan tsakar rana na tsoma baki. Anyi amfani da tsarin kariya na kariya tare da kodadde siffofin cutar, wani lokacin mahimmanci mahimmanci dole ne a dauki kullum. Kwararren likitan kwakwalwa ne kawai zai iya yin tsari mai kyau kuma ya dauki magunguna masu mahimmanci.
Rayuwa na yara da cututtukan zuciya
Sanarwar da ake ciki a wannan yanayin ya dogara ne da lokutan gano cutar da kuma farawar farfadowa. Bisa ga kididdigar mace-mace tsakanin jarirai na shekara ta farko na rayuwa, cututtuka na zuciya a cikin yara ya zama matsayi mafi girma, daga wannan nau'i na kimanin kashi 75 cikin dari na jarirai suka mutu. Idan an gano cutar a farkon matakan cigaba, kuma likitan zuciyar mutum ya tsara magani mai mahimmanci, tsinkaye na da kyau.
Kula da yara da nakasar zuciya an tsara su a cikin likita. An sanya yaron a cikin tsarin kulawa mai mahimmanci tare da yiwuwar hasken haske da sauti. Don kula da yanayin al'ada:
- ciyar ta hanyar bincike;
- iskar oxygen (idan ya cancanta);
- canji na jiki a kowane 2 hours;
- saka idanu akai-akai game da yanayin jiki, matsa lamba, zuciya da kuma motsi na numfashi.
A gida, iyaye suna kula da kwantar da hankalin jaririn don hana ƙwayar dyspnoea da cyanosis. Ciyar da waɗannan yara ya kamata sau da yawa kuma a hankali, yin amfani da ƙirjin ko miƙa kwalban a farkon alamar yunwa. Yana da muhimmanci a yi amfani da ƙuƙwalwa mai laushi na musamman wanda aka tsara don ƙananan jarirai. Dole ne ya fi sau da yawa don taimakawa mai tsauraran rikici, musamman a yanayin yanayin cin abinci.
Rigakafin cututtukan zuciya a cikin yara
Babbar hanya ta hana ci gaba da cutar da aka gabatar a cikin tayin shine kawar da duk abubuwan da ke cikin haɗarin. Dole ne mahaifiyar gaba ta:
- Ci gaba da rayuwa mai kyau.
- Vaccinate daga cututtukan cututtuka.
- Yi la'akari da shirinku .
- Ku halarci dukkanin zangon bincike na ciki.
- Karyata (idan ya yiwu) daga shan magunguna.
Idan daya daga cikin dangin yana da irin wannan cututtuka daga mace ko namiji, haɗarin hangen nesa da yaro tare da cutar da aka dauke shi sosai. Sau da yawa irin waɗannan jariri an haife su ba tare da dadewa ba, kuma cututtukan cututtuka na marasa lafiya a cikin yara da ba a taɓa haihuwa ba ne sosai. Wani lokaci ana shawarci likitoci su yi la'akari a gaba kuma suna tunani a hankali game da burin haihuwa.