Haɓaka wataƙida ce mai zurfi. Idan muka dubi kai tsaye a lokacin da aka shigar da falsafanci, to ana iya bayyana shi a matsayin hanyar ƙididdigar, wanda ke faruwa daga musamman zuwa ga kowa. Dalili mai hankali yana haɗa abubuwan da suka faru da sakamakon su, ta hanyar yin amfani da ka'idojin ƙididdiga ba kawai, amma har wasu maƙillan ainihin. Dalilin da ya fi dacewa akan wanzuwar wannan hanya ita ce haɗin duniya game da abubuwa masu ban mamaki a yanayin.
A karo na farko, Socrates ya ce game da ƙaddamarwa, kuma duk da cewa ma'anar tsohon ma'ana ba ta da alaka da zamani, lokacin da aka kwatanta shi shekaru 400 kafin zamaninmu.
Hanyar shigarwa yana samar da cikakkiyar ma'anar wannan ma'anar ta hanyar kwatanta lokuttan musamman maimakon bambance-bambance ko maƙasudin ƙayyadaddun ma'anoni. Wani mashahurin mai tunani na zamanin dā Aristotle ya ƙaddamar da shi a matsayin hawan sama daga fahimtar gaskiya ga kowa.
Bacon ta ka'idar shigarwa
A cikin Renaissance, ra'ayoyin kan wannan hanya ya fara canzawa. An ba shi shawara a matsayin hanya na dabi'a da nagarta ta hanyar tsayayya da mashahuri a lokacin syllogistic. Francis Bacon, wanda aka saba da shi a matsayin al'ada na ka'idar zamani na shigarwa, duk da cewa ba zai zama mai ban mamaki ba game da wanda yake gaba da shi, sanannen Leonardo da Vinci. Dalilin tunanin Bacon game da shigarwa shi ne abin da za a daidaita, dole ne a bi dukkan dokoki.
Yadda za a ci gaba da shigarwa?
Wajibi ne muyi nazari guda uku game da bayyanar kowane kaya na abubuwa daban-daban.
- Review na lokuta masu kyau.
- Review na lokuta marasa kyau.
- Binciken waɗannan sharuɗɗan da waɗannan kaddarorin suka bayyana kansu a digiri daban-daban.
Kuma kawai to, zaka iya daidaitawa a matsayin irin wannan.
Rawar tunani
Wannan lokaci za a iya ƙaddamar da shi - kamar yadda mutum ya ba da shawara ga wani daga cikin matsayi na duniya, wanda ya haɗa da fuskantarwa, haɓaka, imani. Bugu da ƙari, zancen da aka sanya a duniya ya iya zama ko dai al'ada ko ilimin kimiyya.
Hanyar motsawar motsa jiki shine hanyar da masanin ilimin psychologist Joseph Nutten ya kafa. Ana faruwa a wurare da yawa.
- A mataki na farko, ta hanyar kammala shawarwarin da ba a gama ba, manyan maƙalarin dalili na mutum ne aka gano.
- A mataki na biyu, an gayyatar mutumin don shirya duk abin da ya dace a kan lokaci.
Haka kuma Nutten ya gano manyan sassan abubuwan da suka dace da abin da ya kira shi:
- wakiltar mutum game da kansa ko yanayin hali na batun;
- ci gaban mutum;
- ayyukan da ake nufi don samun sakamakon da ake so, ko a wasu kalmomin, sana'a sana'a;
- sadarwar zamantakewa;
- aikin bincike;
- addini aka gyara:
- sayen dukiya;
- hanyoyi na dama, wasanni.
Matsalar shigarwa daga ra'ayi na ilimin falsafa ya ci gaba a tsakiyar karni na XVIII. Ta haɗi da irin waɗannan mutane masu daraja irin su David Hume da Thomas Hobbes, su ne suka tambayi gaskiyar wannan hanyar. Babban ra'ayi shi ne cewa - ko bisa sakamakon sakamako na abubuwan da suka gabata, yana yiwuwa a yi hukunci da sakamakon wani taron da zai faru a nan gaba. Misali na wannan zai iya zama bayani - duk mutane suna da kirki, domin a baya mun sadu da irin wannan. Yarda da hanyar hanyar shigarwa a matsayin hanyar gaskiya na tunani ko a'a, wannan abu ne na sirri ga kowa da kowa, amma ya ba wannan tsawon lokaci, dole ne ka yarda cewa akwai hatsin gaskiya a ciki.