Saurare mai aiki shine dokoki da ƙwarewar hanya

A wata misali mai mahimmanci an ce an ba mutum da kunnuwa guda biyu, wannan ma'ana yana cewa mutane su saurari kasa da sauraron. Yana da muhimmanci ga mutum ya ji, ya fahimci, kuma ya saurare shi - abubuwa da yawa da kuma asiri sun hada. Saurare mai aiki shine hanyar da ta sami amintacce a tsakanin masu ilimin kimiyya saboda tasiri da sauƙi.

Mene ne sauraron kunne?

Ayyukan aiki ko kulawa da kwarewa wata hanya ce da likitancin Amurka, mai kirkiro na tunanin mutumtaka Karl Rogers ya kawo psychotherapy. Saurare mai aiki shine kayan aiki da ke taimakawa wajen ji, fahimtar ji, motsin zuciyar mai magana, ya jagoranci tattaunawar cikin zurfin kuma ya taimaki mutum ya rayu kuma ya canza yanayinsa. A cikin Rasha, fasaha ya ci gaba kuma an sami nauyin nau'i daban-daban saboda yaron Yu psychologist Gippenreiter.

Harkokin kulawa da jin dadi na sauraron ilimin halin mutum

Hanyar sauraron kunne a cikin ilimin halayyar kwakwalwa ya taimaka wajen haɗuwa da juna tare da haɗuwa da juna, don gano matakan matsalolin abokin ciniki da kuma zaɓin aikin likita mai dacewa. Aiki tare da yara - wannan ita ce hanya mafi kyau, saboda ƙaramin yaron bai san ainihin ganewa ba. A lokacin sauraron jin dadi, mai ilimin hanyoyin kwantar da hankali ya ɓace daga matsalolinta, abubuwan da ya shafi tunanin mutum kuma yana mayar da hankali ga mai haƙuri.

Mai sauraron aiki - iri

Irin sauraren sauraron da ake sauraren suna rarraba cikin namiji da mace. Fasali na kowace nau'in:

1. Sauran sauraron saurayi - yana yin tunani kuma an yi amfani da shi a harkokin kasuwanci, tattaunawa a kasuwanci. Bayanin da aka samu daga mai magana da hankali an bincika da hankali daga bangarori daban-daban, ana tambayar tambayoyi masu yawa, kamar yadda mutane suke nufin sakamakon. A nan ya dace da sukar zargi.
2. Mata masu sauraro . Dangane da halin tausayi na jiki da kuma ci gaba da jin dadin jiki - mata sun fi budewa kuma suna da karfin jin dadi : ya kasance tare da mai haɗaka tare, tare da shi cikin matsalarsa. Ba za a iya jin tausayi ba - mutum yana ji shi kuma yana sa ya dogara ga bayyana kansa. A lokacin da ake amfani da fasahar fassarar mata a hankali, ana amfani da su akan faɗar ji da motsin zuciyar.

Dabarar sauraron sauraro

Sauraren mai aiki shine wata hanya ce kuma a lokaci guda tsari na iyakar yawan hankali a kan wani mutum, lokacin da aka tattara dukkan ƙwarewa da nuances cikin tattaunawar: kallo na murya, intonation, maganganun fuska, gestures da kuma dakatar da hanzari. Babban kayan aikin da ake sauraron sauraro:

1. Tsaya . Nisanci jayayya, zargi, hukunci. Yarda da mutunta mutum kamar yadda suke.
2. Amincewa . Kasancewa da kwanciyar hankali da kuma hali ga mai haɗaka, karfafa shi ya ci gaba da magana game da kansa, matsalar - taimakawa wajen shakatawa da amincewa.
3. Gaskiyar sha'awa . Ɗaya daga cikin mahimman kayan tasiri na tasiri na sauraron sauraro, yana taimaka wa mutum ya buɗe cikakken bayani kuma ya bayyana matsalar matsalar

Hanyar yin sauraro

Hanyoyin sauraron kunne suna da mahimmanci kuma bambancin. A cikin ilmantarwa na yau da kullum, akwai wasu mahimman hanyoyi guda biyar na sauraron sauraro:

1. Dakatarwa . Yana da muhimmanci ga mutum yayi magana har sai karshen da dakatarwa ana buƙata a cikin tattaunawar. Wannan baya nufin cewa kana buƙatar yin shiru a duk tsawon lokacin: poddakivanie ("yes", "hugo"), kawunansu suna sigina ga mutum su saurare shi.
2. Ƙayyadewa . Don dalilai marasa mahimmanci, ana amfani da tambayoyi masu mahimmanci don kaucewa yin la'akari da halin da ake ciki kuma don fahimtar abokin hulɗa ko abokin ciniki.
3. Maimaitawa . Hanyar lokacin da aka saurari labarin ga mai magana a cikin ɗan gajeren tsari kuma ya bar mai magana ya tabbatar da cewa "eh, duk abin da yake haka", ko bayyana kuma bayyana muhimman mahimman bayanai.
4. Bayanan bayani (sake maimaitawa) - "komawa" kalmomin zuwa mai magana a cikin hanyar canzawa - mutum ya fahimci cewa an saurari shi a hankali (kada ku yi mummunan wannan zance a tattaunawar).
5. Ra'ayin tunanin . Kalmomin da suka dace da kwarewar mutum sunyi amfani da su: "Kuna fushi ...", "A wannan lokacin yana da matukar damuwa / farin ciki / bakin ciki".

Dokokin don sauraron kunne

Ka'idodin sauraro mai aiki yana ƙunshe da manyan sassan, ba tare da wannan ƙira ba ya aiki:

• ba za a iya katse wajan ba;
• Tambayar da aka tambayi ta ba da amsa gareshi, ba'a da shawarar amsawa ko taimakawa tare da amsar, mai magana da kansa dole ne ya amsa wannan tambaya - dole ne mutum ya jimre da dakatarwa;
• mai gani a cikin tattaunawar;
• muhimmiyar taimako: goyon baya, nod head;
• lokacin da mutum yake yin rai da mummunan ra'ayi , yana da muhimmanci a bar shi ya jefa su har ya tsaya.

Ayyuka don sauraron kunne

Hanyoyin sauraron kulawa da hankali suna aiki a kan horo na horon, a cikin kungiyoyi. Manufar darussan shine a koyi yadda za a ji ɗayan, nuna matakan matsalolin da za ku iya aiki tare. Kwararren ya rushe kungiyoyi cikin nau'i-nau'i kuma ya bada aikin-aiki wanda zai iya bambanta:

1. Aiki don sauraron kunne sosai . Kocin ya ba da mambobi uku daga cikin rukunin daban-daban rubutun da aka buga, suna jin minti 3, lokacin da mahalarta uku ke karantawa a lokaci guda. Ayyukan masu karatu: don sauraron abin da sauran ke karantawa, sauran membobin kungiyar zasu ji kuma su fahimci duk abin da ke cikin labarin.
2. Yin motsa jiki a kan iya samuwa a cikin kalmomin mai shiga tsakani ko gaskiya . Kocin ya fitar da katunan da kalmomin da aka rubuta a kansu. Ayyukan masu halartar su juya su karanta karatun su kuma basuyi tunanin ci gaba da hadisin daga kansu, samar da tunani. Sauran mahalarta suna saurara kuma suna lura: mutumin yana da gaskiya ko a'a. Idan maganganun sun kasance masu gaskiya, to, wasu suna ta da hannu don su yarda, in ba haka ba, an gayyaci mai halarta don zana katin kuma sake gwadawa. Kalmomi akan katin zasu iya zama kamar haka:

• lokacin da suke ihu a gare ni, na shirya ...
• Wani lokaci ina jin tsoro, kwanan nan na ....
• Ina da raunana ...
• a kanta ina son ...
• Ina fushi cikin mutane ...
• kati maras komai (don yin fadi game da kanka abin da ke tunawa a wannan lokacin).

Abin al'ajabi na sauraron kunne

Yin sauraro a hankali shine wata hanya ce ta iya yin mu'ujjizai. Kayan fasaha na sauraron kunne yana da sauƙin amfani kuma yana buƙatar fara hankali a hankali. Lokacin amfani da hanyar a cikin iyali, abubuwan ban mamaki sun faru:

• bacewar shekarun rikici;
• haɗin kirki da zurfi tsakanin iyaye da yara an kafa;
• a cikin gidan akwai yanayi na dumi da karɓar ɗayan iyalin juna.

Mai sauraron aiki - littattafai

Yin sauraro mai aiki - kuma dukkanin hanyoyi guda biyu suna dauke da tasiri a psychotherapy kuma suna hada juna. Don fara masana kimiyya da kuma duk wanda yake so ya fahimci mutane, don kafa dangantakar abokantaka ta hakika - waɗannan littattafai zasu zama masu amfani:

1. "Koyi don sauraron" Mista Moskvin . A littafinta, shahararren gidan rediyo yana ba da labarun da zantawa game da muhimmancin sauraren maƙwabcinta.
2. "Abubuwan sauraron sauraro. Babbar mai sarrafa fasaha »Bernard Ferrari . Rahoton ya nuna cewa kashi 90 cikin dari na ma'aikata da matsalolin iyali za a iya warware ta hanyar sauraro mai aiki.
3. "Abin al'ajabi na sauraron sauraron" Yu. Gippenreiter. Kwarewa don sauraron ku da sauraron maƙwabtanku shine tabbatar da haɗin kai tsakanin iyali.
4. "Ba za ka iya gaya mai sauraron ba. Ƙari ga mahimmancin kulawa »Ed. Shane . Kyakkyawan sadarwa ba zai yiwu bane ba tare da lura da ka'idodin guda uku ba: rashin magana, tambayi tambayoyi da kyau, nuna godiya ga mai shiga tsakani.
5. "Abinda yake magana da sauraron" Mista Adler . Littafin yana kawo matsalolin sadarwa. Saurare abu ne mai muhimmanci na hulɗa tsakanin mutane. Littafin yana ba da shawarwari masu mahimmanci da kuma mahimman ƙira na sauraron kunne.