Shuka strawberries - tushen tushen girbi

Abincin Berry shine duniya a kulawa: zasu iya girma kuma suna bada 'ya'ya a cikin ƙasa, da kuma cikin greenhouses, a ƙarƙashin fim ko a fure a kan baranda. Daga kiyaye ka'idodi na musamman na dasa shuki na lambun lambu ya dogara da lafiyar ƙananan bishiyoyi a kan gado da ƙarar girbi na gaba.

Dokoki don dasa shuki strawberries

A plantation na berries za a iya fara daga seedlings da kuma daga kai tsaye shuka na tsaba zuwa ƙasa. Amfani na biyu an yi amfani dashi mafi yawa sau da yawa: idan ka tambayi manomi da kwarewa game da yadda za'a dasa shuki daidai daidai, zai fara labarinsa tare da saye ko noma na seedlings. In ba haka ba samfurori na dasa shuki ba akan:

  1. Zaɓin 'yancin tsaba. Don farawa da mazaunan yankuna tare da yanayi mai sanyi ko sanyi, yana da kyau a fara gwaje-gwaje tare da hybrids - a kan kunshe sun sanya F1 alama.
  2. Yin magana a kan soso ko auduga. Yana da kyawawa cewa an zuba tsaba a kan wani zane mai tsummoki, wani ƙwayar kumfa mai laushi, auduga, amma ba cikin ƙasa ba. Wannan hanyar germination ta magance matsala na '' 'arya' '' '', wanda wajibi ne aka lalatar da tukwane. A cikin takalmin filastik, zane ko auduga mai laushi da aka yayyafa da ruwa, an dasa tsaba a bisansa, wanda za'a yi amfani dasu don dasa shuki daji. An rufe akwati tare da murfi kuma adana shi a wuri mai dadi har sai tsaba ya kara.
  3. Hardening. Kafin canja tsaba zuwa tukunya don seedlings, ana bunkasa muhimmancin su ta hanyar canza canjin yanayi. Sau biyu a rana, ana sanya kwantena a cikin firiji na tsawon sa'o'i 2-3 don hana mutuwarsu a lokacin daskarewa.

Ƙasa don dasa shuki strawberries

Yawan amfanin gona na amfanin gona na Berry ba zai shafi ba kawai da takin mai magani ba, har ma da ƙasa. Yawancin lambu da suka san yadda za su dasa shuki strawberries sun tabbata cewa irinta ba zai iya jurewa abubuwan da suke da shi ba - carbonates. Saboda haka, ba zai yiwu a yi amfani da makircin gonar wanda tumatir, Bulgarian da barkono mai zafi ko dankali ya girma a bara. Zaɓi ƙasa mai dacewa zai taimaki dokoki masu zuwa:

  1. Mafi yawan ƙwayar ƙwayoyin yumbu. Clay yayi yawa yadudduka a cikin ƙasa, hana yin shigar azzakari cikin oxygen da kayan abinci ga tushen. Idan ƙasa a kan shafin har yanzu yana nufin loamy, an hade shi da kogin ko yashi a cikin kashi 3: 1.
  2. Matsayi mafi kyau na karami na ƙasa. Ya kamata a lasafta strawberries don tsawon tsawon tsarin tushen akalla minti 30. Mafi zurfin rami mai saukowa, la'akari da ban ruwa da kuma zama na ƙasa, zai iya zama akalla 45-50 cm.
  3. Ƙididdiga don rabo daga ƙasa zuwa humus. Yana riƙe da danshi a cikin ƙasa a kan kwanakin aridai, don haka matakin humus na 3-5% yana da ƙananan darajar digirin bushes cikin ƙasa.

Distance tsakanin strawberries a saukowa

Akwai wasu tsare-tsaren 4 na sanya bishiyoyi a cikin yankunan da ke kewayen birni: nisa tsakanin su ya dogara ne da zaɓin makirci. An tsara adadin shuka na strawberries kamar yadda aka tsara:

  1. Dabbobi daban daban. Iri da karfi masu girma sun yadu yadu da kuma dogon mustaches. Don tabbatar da cewa ba su haɗu da juna ba, ana amfani da gashin-baki a kai a kai, kuma tsakanin bushes, nesa na 50-60 cm ana kiyaye.
  2. Rows a kan ridge. An dasa itatuwan gonar, ana dasa bishiyoyi a cikin layi daya 15-20 cm baya Don sauƙaƙe watering da girbi, an saita jeri jeri a 40-50 cm.
  3. Girma dasa na strawberries. Ƙananan nau'o'in ƙwayoyin halitta masu girma suna girma a kan gado, suna yin motsi tare da mustaches. An dasa shuki tsire-tsire sosai da cewa a karkashin ƙananan bishiyoyi an kafa microclimate, yana da amfani ga wuraren ruwa.
  4. Nesting disembarkation. A tsakiyar gonar madarar ta gaba ta dasa wani daji, inda aka dasa shi har shida. Nisa tsakanin noma kusa da ya kamata bai zama kasa da 5-6 cm ba, tsakanin tsakanin ridge - 40 cm.

Yaya za a shayar da ruwa bayan dasa shuki?

Ɗaya daga cikin muhimman dalilai na rike yawan amfanin gado shine matakin ruwan karkashin kasa. Dole ne su kasance ba kusa da 1 m zuwa surface na kasar gona. Mafi girman matakin, sau da yawa sau da yawa ana yin shayar da gadaje, kuma a madadin. Noma bayan dasa shuki shuki ya kamata la'akari da siffofin shuka:

  1. Tsarin tushen tsarin amfanin gona na Berry yana aiki ne kawai idan an sami ruwa tare da tsawon tsawon ɓangaren karamar ƙasa. Sabili da haka, ba zai yiwu ba a rage ruwa daya kawai daga gare shi ko dogara ga ruwa.
  2. Rashin ruwa yana motsawa daga ƙasa a farkon rabin yini - watering ya kamata ya faru a cikin safiya.
  3. Shuka strawberries ba su jure wa watering tare da jigilar jet ko ta hanyar sprinkling. Babban hawan ruwa ya rushe tushen, don haka daga lokacin bayyanar waɗannan zane-zane da kuma kafin yin 'ya'yan itace, yi amfani da wani shinge-sprayer.

Takin magani don strawberries a lokacin dasa

Ba tare da takin gargajiya na musamman (Organic ko sinadaran) berries ba su da lafiya ko girma kuma karami. Don magance ƙasa da ƙananan lahani, ana kira gauraya don ana amfani dashi sau uku don dukan kakar: bayan dasawa ko bayyana ganye, lokacin da flowering da 'ya'ya. Wani irin taki don shuka strawberries ba a yi amfani da shi ba, ya kamata ya hada da:

Strawberry dasa kwanakin

Kamar yadda yake da kowace gonar lambu, strawberry yana da lokaci mafi kyau don canja wurin seedlings zuwa kasa, wanda ba zai mutu ba. Mahimmancin factor a nan shi ne yanayin yanayi: seedlings kada su fuskanci gyangyaɗi ko damina. Gwanayen shuki don strawberries a spring ba su bambanta daga kaka, saboda ana nufin su cimma sakamako daban-daban:

  1. A farkon Maris, an shuka Berry a kudu inda aka dasa a kan gadaje, don haka tsattsauran murya da tsummoki suna fitowa akan shi. Tare da ƙarshen dasa, za a rage girbi ta hanyar 1.5-2. A tsakiyar rukuni, an yi wannan magudi daga ranar 15 ga watan Maris zuwa 1 ga Afrilu.
  2. A cikin kaka, shuka rawaya kananan bushes, wanda a cikin shekarar farko ba zai iya tsira da zafi zafi. Canja wurin zuwa ƙasa an yi shi daga Yuli 25 zuwa Satumba 15.

Yadda za a dasa shuki a cikin bazara?

A tsakar rana, babban haɗari ga berries shine wheatgrass da sauran weeds, don haka kafin dasa shuki na strawberries a cikin bazara, an lakaɗa ridge kuma an cire tushen wasu tsire-tsire. Ƙarin ayyuka sune:

  1. Ƙãra acidity na kasar gona. Don yin amfani da watering aqueous bayani na limestone.
  2. Don canja wuri zuwa ƙasa, ana amfani da mustaches ko ƙananan ƙwayoyi, tsintsiyar sa shine akalla 6 mm.
  3. Samar da strawberries ne da za'ayi bayan an kwance a bude iska a cikin inuwa na 2-3 days.
  4. Ana shuka itatuwan a cikin ramukan bushe, a kasan abin da dole ne ash ta kasance. Danna takawa a ƙasa bayan da kuka yi wasa tare da hannuwanku, ya kamata a zubar da yaro da yawa.

Yadda za a shuka wani strawberry a cikin fall?

Masu farawa ya kamata su gudanar da tsire-tsire a cikin fall, ba a cikin bazara. Sa'an nan kuma damar samun ƙananan 'ya'yan itace da mutuwar shuka bace. Don fahimtar yadda za'a shuka shuki bayan girbi, ya kamata ku bi dokoki da yawa:

  1. A zabi na wani wuri mai bude na kasar gona mai zafi da rana a kan bazara. A wannan yanayin, kasar gona za ta kwantar da hankali kamar yadda ya kamata.
  2. Lokacin da aka dasa shuki an tsara shi da kansa - a kalla wata daya ya kasance har sai sanyi.
  3. Ana rarraba ƙasa daga strawberry nematodes tare da ruwa tare da Bugu da kari na ammoniya.
  4. Ƙasa, wanda aka cire daga ramuka, an haxa shi tare da takin a cikin kashi 6: 1 kuma ya mayar da ita cikin ramuka bayan an sanya su a cikin bishiyoyi.
  5. A cikin kaka, dasa shuki strawberries tare da mustaches ne musamman rare. Ana sanya lakabi tare da dogon mai tushe a cikin tukwane a karshen Yuni don makonni 2-3. Lokacin da rubutun ya ɗauki tushe, an sāke shi kamar yadda ya saba.
  6. An dasa kayan shuka da kayan zafi - fim mai zurfi.

Yadda za a shuka strawberries

Akwai hanyoyi masu yawa don bunkasa wannan Berry cewa ba lallai ba ne a sami manyan wuraren don amfanin gona. Yi yanke shawarar yadda za a dasa shuki strawberries, bisa ga bukatun da kuma aikin da mai kulawa ya yi. Akwai manyan hanyoyi guda hudu don yin wannan:

Makirci na dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa a bude ƙasa

Ganin cewa Berry ba shi da kyau ga abun da ke ciki na kasar gona, yana jurewa mai kyau ƙasa tare da mahimmanci na peat ko sandstone. Dasa da kulawa da strawberries a cikin ƙasa mai zurfi yana ɗaukar matakai masu yawa:

Shuka strawberries karkashin fim

Noma a ƙarƙashin fim yana baka damar karban berries don wata daya kafin kwanan wata. Kamar dai yadda dasa shuki a karkashin fim, ana iya sanya shi karkashin agrofiber. Duk hanyoyi guda biyu suna haifar da microclimate ta musamman akan gado, an kare shi daga kwari da matsanancin laima. Agrotechnics a wannan yanayin ya shafi haka:

Shuka strawberries a cikin bututu

Za a iya dasa bishiyoyin berries a cikin bututu a tsaye da kuma tsaye. Bambanci kawai shi ne cewa dasa shuki seedlings na strawberries a cikin bututun a cikin sararin sama yana daukan karin sarari daga jimlar shafin. Ko da kuwa irin nau'in sutura, ana gudanar da shi bisa ga algorithm mai biyowa:

  1. Ana yanka nau'i na ƙananan karfe, filastik ko PVC zuwa tsawon tsawon lokaci.
  2. A cikin kowane tube, ana zubar da ramuka ko a ɗora su da diamita na akalla 8-10 cm.
  3. An rarrabe ƙasa kuma an binne shi a cikin bututu tare da taki, domin a nan gaba ba zai yi aiki ba har abada don satura ƙasa tare da abubuwa masu amfani.
  4. A cikin bututun, sun gyara matosai kuma sun gyara su tare da yumbu mai fadada.
  5. Strawberries suna dasa a cikin ramukan ba tare da deepening tushen wuyansa karfi a cikin ƙasa. Ramin don ta yi da yatsunsu.

Tsarin tsire-tsire na strawberries

A kan lambuna masu ban sha'awa babu wuri don tsalle mai mahimmanci don amfanin gonar strawberries, amma wannan ba zai zama hani ga mai kula da kayan lambu ba. Yana da sauki koya yadda za a shuka seedlings na strawberries - akwai kawai hanyoyi biyu don yin wannan:

  1. Hanyoyin sakonni daga kwantena daga sassan daban daban, taya ko kirji. Ana iya yin saukowa mai yawa daga tsofaffin kayan hawa tare da kwalaye, mota motsi na katako ko haɗuwa da wasu tukwane. A cikin akwatunan kayan aiki ko ramuka a cikin taya, an binne ƙasa, inda aka shuka shuke-shuke.
  2. Cylindrical zane na karfe ko raga. Ana tuka "bututu" tare da tsawo na 1.5-2 m a cikin ramin kuma ya cika da ƙasa mai dacewa. Ana shuka itatuwan Strawberry a cikin ramuka: karin kulawa da su za su kasance watering kuma su tsage gashin-baki. Don takarda kawai takin mai magani ne kawai ya dace.

Shuka strawberries tare da tsaba

Ko da yake hanyar hanyar saukowa a ƙasa ba a yarda da shi ba, yana da magoya bayansa. A cikin rigar da yankuna masu dumi yawancin lambu sunyi la'akari da girma da tsirrai a matsayin ɓata lokaci, saboda basu buƙatar taƙara da kuma gurɓata ƙasa. Wannan hanya ba ta keta ikon kula da ƙasa ba: kafin dasa shuki seedlings na strawberries ko tsaba, ana yayyafa gadaje tare da sako-sako ko kuma humus. Daga cikin wasu ka'idodi na shuka hanyar kai tsaye sun nuna:

  1. Zaɓi lokacin girbi. Idan seedling ya bayyana a cikin tukwane a cikin wani Apartment ko gilashin-in baranda, sa'an nan ƙasa bude ƙasa da tsaba da dama na samun zafi a lokacin ci gaban girma zamani. Lokacin da suka nutse a cikin ƙasa ya motsa daga farkon Maris zuwa tsakiyar watan Afrilu, lokacin da aka rage hadarin frosts
  2. Mulching. Don karewa daga canje-canje a cikin zafin jiki da kuma na farko kwari, ana yayyafa ridge tare da sawdust, ragowar tsohuwar ƙwayoyi ko maciji. Rufin ƙasa na ƙasa tare da tsire-tsire na strawberries zai zama tabbatacce kuma zan gode tare da alamar sakonni.
  3. Cire kashin da ke ƙasa . Idan 3-4 ganye ya bayyana a saman ɓangare na harbe, da ƙananan za su tsabtace hankali don haka dukan juices je zuwa ci gaba da sabon inflorescences.