Koyi game da wasu shahararrun zane-zanen da muka gudanar don dubawa da ƙaddamar da "ɓangaren biyu".
Yawancin masu fasaha suna saka su a cikin zane-zane wasu mabukaci, ɓoye ko magunguna waɗanda masu sukar fasaha da sauran masana suka yi kokarin ƙaddamar da lokaci.
1. Hieronymus Bosch, Gidan Aljannar Duniya, 1500-1510.
Yerun van Aken ya sanya takardunsa "Hieronymus Bosch". Shi mutumin kirki ne kuma yana daga cikin 'yan uwan Katolika na Uwar Allah. Duk da haka, mafi kusantar bayan baya na Erun van Aken ya ci gaba da yatsunsa, saboda bisa ga zaton masana tarihi, Bosch bidi'a ne kuma ya kasance na kungiyar Adam ne kuma saboda haka ya kasance mashawarcin koyarwar Qatari.
A kwanakin nan, Ikilisiyar Katolika a ko'ina ina fama da Cathars, kuma mai zane ya ɓoye abin da ya gaskata. Duk da haka, a cewar masu sukar fasaha a fadin duniya, a cikin finafinan "Aljannar Gidan Duniya" shi ne ainihin tunaninsa na asiri game da mai bi, wanda ya fada game da koyarwar Cathars, wanda aka ɓoye shi. Amma idan mutanensa suka fahimci hakan, Bosch, ba tare da izini ba, za a ƙone shi a kan gungumen.
2. Tivadar Kostka Chontwari, tsohon Fisherman, 1902
Domin ya bayyana ra'ayin wannan hoton, dole ne mu hada madubi a tsakiyar. A lokacin rayuwar mai zane, wannan ba jariri ba ne kuma ba zai iya kwatanta shi ba. Amma lokacin da masu sukar fasahar zamani suka yi tunanin yin aiki tare da madubi, sun yi mamakin abin da suka gani, kamar yadda hoton daya ya nuna sau uku a lokaci daya. Na farko shi ne ainihin fuska na tsohuwar masunta, na biyu da na uku shi ne mutanensa masu ɓoye: aljani (nuna a gefen hagu) da kuma nagarta (nuna a kan ƙafar dama).
3. Hendrik van Antonissen, Dubi bakin teku na Scheveningen, 1641.
Lokacin da zane ya shiga gidan kayan gargajiya a matsayin kyauta daga malamin Kirista da mai karɓar lokaci a 1873, to, a cikin hoton mutane sun taru a mummunar yanayi suna duban kallon cikin teku. Wannan bai taba kalubalanci kwararru na kwararrun ba, tun da yake bai san abin da zai iya jawo hankulan mutane zuwa bakin teku a mummunar yanayi ba.
An bayyana asirce daga baya tare da gyarawa mai kyau. Lokacin da hasken X ya haskaka shi, hoton ya nuna gawawwakin whale, a jefa a wannan tudu. Kuma sai ya zama a fili cewa shi ya ja hankalin dukan waɗannan mutane. Bayan sabuntawar, fasinja ya bayyana akan zane, kuma wannan kyakkyawan abu ya zama mafi ban sha'awa, saboda haka an ba shi wuri mafi daraja fiye da yadda yake. Ta hanyar shawara daga masu mayarwa da ita, za'a iya gogewa da whale da kuma zane da zane-zane da kansa, wanda ya yi tunanin cewa ba kowa ba ne zai yi tunani akan halitta mai mutuwa a cikin hoton.
4. Leonardo da Vinci, Ƙarshen Ƙarshe, 1495-1498.
Lokacin da mai zane ya halicci wannan kyan gani, mafi yawansu ya ba da hankali ga ƙididdiga masu muhimmanci - Kristi da Yahuza. Bai kula da samun wuraren zama mai kyau na dogon lokaci ba, amma wata rana sai ya sadu da wani dan jarida a cikin cocin cocin kuma ya kwafe hoton Kristi daga gare shi. Duk da haka, dole ne ya nema mutum don siffar Yahuda har tsawon shekaru uku, har sai masanin ya sadu da mashayi wanda ke kwance a gutter.
Yana da wani saurayi, wanda bayyanar ya gurbata maye gurbin shan giya. Kuma a lokacin da bayan da Vinci ya fara yin rubutu tare da shi siffar Yahuda, mai shan giya ya ce ya riga ya gabatar da shi shekaru 3 da suka gabata. Ya bayyana cewa wannan mutumin da ya faɗi shi ne wannan ɗan ƙaramin ƙwararru wanda ya ɗauki kamannin Almasihu.
5. Rembrandt, Watch Night, 1642
Babban zane na zane-zane ne kawai aka gano ne kawai a cikin karni na XIX, bayan haka ta ziyarci ɗakin majalisa na duniya a ƙarƙashin taken "Watch Night". Sanya lakabi zuwa hoton saboda yana da alama idan siffofin suna aiki akan duhu duhu, wanda ke nufin - da dare. Kuma kawai ta hanyar tsakiyar karni na ashirin wanda aka mayar da shi ya gano cewa hoton daga lokaci zuwa lokaci an rufe shi da wani launi na soot. Bayan ya share wannan babban abu, ya zama a fili cewa yanayin ya faru a lokacin rana, tun da inuwa ta hagu daga hannun hagu na Captain Cock ya nuna cewa lokaci na aikin yana da kimanin 14.00.
6. Henri Matisse, Boat, 1937
A 1967, Henri Matisse ya zana hotunan "Boat" na 1937 a cikin Museum of New York. Duk da haka, bayan kwana 47, daya daga cikin kwararru ya jawo hankali ga gaskiyar cewa ana iya ganin hotunan "juye". Muhimman abubuwa na hoto su ne jiragen ruwa biyu, daya daga cikinsu akwai kyan gani a cikin ruwa. Don haka, a cikin dama, babban jirgi ya kamata a saman, kuma girmansa ya kamata ya dubi jagoran saman kusurwar dama.
7. Vincent van Gogh, Hoton kai da tube, 1889.
A kan kunnen van Gogh, magunguna sun riga sun tafi. Mutane da yawa sun ce shi ya yanke shi a kansa, amma an yarda da shi a cikin al'ada mafi girma, cewa kunne ya sha wahala daga ɗan wasan kwaikwayon a wani karamin yakin da wani dan wasan kwaikwayo - Paul Gauguin. Asirin wannan hoto shi ne cewa mai zane yana zana hotunan kansa daga hangen nesa a cikin madubi: an kunnen kunnen kunnen doki a hoto, duk da haka gaskiyar ya lalace ta kunne a gefen hagu.
8. Grant Wood, American Gothic, 1930
A cikin zane-zane na Amirka, wannan hoton, tare da fuska da baƙin ciki na mutanen Iowa, an dauke shi mafi girman gaske da zalunci. Bayan an nuna zane a Birnin Chicago a Cibiyar Art, alƙalai ba su ba ta babbar lada ba da nan kuma an lasafta shi a matsayin hoton satirical. Duk da haka, mai ba da labari na gidan kayan gargajiya ya yi mamaki kuma ya gaskata cewa hotunan mazaunan karkara na wannan lokacin suna nunawa a nan. Ya rinjayi sakamakon sakamakon karshe, sannan Grant Grant ya sami kyautar $ 300, bayan da gidan kayan gargajiya ya sayi wannan hoton nan da nan. Don haka hoto ya fadi a shafukan jaridu.
Duk da haka, wannan hoton bai haifar da irin wannan sha'awar ba, kamar yadda yake a cikin mahaɗin gidan kayan gargajiya, tsakanin mazaunan jihar Iowa. A akasin wannan, teku ta zargi ta fadi a kan wannan aikin, kuma Aiovtsi sunyi matukar damuwa, cewa mai zane ya nuna su a cikin wannan mummunan rauni. Bayan haka, masanin ya bayyana cewa yana wucewa a Jihar Iowa, ya sadu da wani gidan farin mai ban sha'awa, wanda aka gina a cikin tsarin gine-gine Gothic, kuma ya yanke shawarar kirkiro mazauninsa bisa ra'ayinsa, kuma bai so ya cutar da mazauna wannan jihar ba.
Mai zane ma ya bude sunayen mazaunin inda ya rubuta hotuna: yarinyar a cikin kullun da ba a kwance ba yana rubutawa daga 'yar'uwarsa, kuma mutum mai tsananin hankali ya zama likitaccen likitan kwaikwayo, wanda ba shi da rai a rayuwa. Duk da haka, Sister Wood ya ci gaba da rashin jin daɗi, ta yi iƙirarin cewa a hoton ta iya kuskuren matar aure sau biyu. Saboda haka, kawai da kalmominta an yi imani da cewa zane yana nuna mahaifinsa da 'yar, amma mai zane ba zancen shi ba.
9. Salvador Dali, budurwa wadda ta ba da izini ga Saduma ta yi amfani da ƙaho na tsabta ta kanta, 1954.
Har zuwa lokacin ganawa da Gala ga Salvador Dali wani ɗan lokaci ne kuma dan lokaci mai suna Anna Maria. Kuma a 1925 an buga hotunan "Hotuna ta Gidan Wuta". Amma wata rana mai fasaha ya yi watsi da barin labaran da ya yi game da mahaifiyarsa: "Wani lokaci zan saurara a kan hoto na mahaifiyata, kuma yana faranta mini rai." Don wannan mummunan abin tausayi 'yar'uwar ba ta iya gafartawa da shi ba, bayan da dangantakar su ta ɓata.
Kuma lokacin da Anna Maria a shekarar 1949 ya wallafa littafinsa mai suna "Salvador Dali ta hanyar Mata Sister," ba ta bayyana sha'awar mai zane ba, wanda ya sa El Salvador yayi fushi. Kuma, a cewar masana, a kan fansa ga 'yar'uwar littafin a shekarar 1954,' yar wasa da aka yi wa laifi ta haifar da hoton "budurwa marar budurwa wadda ta mika wuya ga Saduma ta hanyar taimakon ƙaho na kansa." A cikin hoton nan, yanayin da ke gefen taga, gilashin ja da bude taga an nuna su a fili tare da hoton "Hotuna a Ƙarshe Window."
10. Rembrandt Harmens van Rijn, Danae, 1636-1647
A lokacin aikin sabuntawa a cikin karni na 60 na karni na 20, hoton X ya haskaka hotunan, bayan haka ya zama sananne cewa Danae yana da fuska 2. Da farko, fuskar jaririn an rubuta shi daga hoton matar mai suna Saskia. Duk da haka, matarsa ta mutu a shekara ta 1642, bayan mutuwarta, Rembrandt ya fara zama tare da uwargidansa Hertie Dirks. Saboda haka, zanen da aka riga ya riga ya gama, sai fuskar Danae ta canza, ta kasance kama da hoton Dirks.
11. Leonardo da Vinci, Hoton Madame Lisa del Giocondo, 1503-1519.
A duk duniya, an gane Mona Lisa a matsayin cikakke, muryarta kuma tana da tausayi. A asirin wannan murmushi an gwada shi ne ya kaddamar da sukar fasaha da kuma dan kwantar da hankalin Amurka Joseph Borkowski. Bisa ga ra'ayinsa na masana, an gabatar da ka'idar cewa "mai kyau Mona Lisa" ya yi murmushi sosai don abin dalili daya - ba shi da hakora. Yayin da yake binciken yaduwar daɗaɗɗen bakinta, Yusufu yayi la'akari da yatsun da ke kewaye da shi, saboda haka ya yi iƙirarin cewa wani abu ya faru da jaririn, saboda haka ta rasa adadi mai yawa. Kuma murmushi yana da kama ga mutumin da ba shi da hakora.
12. Ferdinand Victor Eugene Delacroix, Freedom a Barricades, 1830
Masanin tarihi na tarihi Etienne Julie ya yi imanin cewa, an rubuta hotunan Liberty daga sanannen sanannen lokacin Anna Charlotte, wanda ya kasance dan jarida da budurwa ta hanyar sana'a. Wannan matar da ba ta da wata wahala ta tafi gidan kisa ta kashe 'yan majalisa 9. A irin wannan matukar damuwa, mutuwar ɗan'uwana, wanda ya fadi a hannun masu tsaron, ya tada ta. Kwankwayon katako a Freedom a wannan hoton yana nufin cewa dimokuradiyya da kuma 'yancin kanta daidai yake da na kowa wanda ba ya sa corsets.
13. Kazimir Malevich, Ƙarin Ƙarƙashin Ƙasa, 1915
Wadansu mutane suna nuna ikon ikon na Blackstyle na Malevich. Duk da haka, kamar yadda ya fito, marubucin bai sanya wani sihiri ba a cikin wannan hoton, kuma an kira wannan hoton "Yakin Ƙasar Negroes a Cikin Duhun". Irin wannan takardun ya gano wasu kwararru na Tretyakov Gallery.
Ƙungiyar ta juya ba ta kasance mai yawa ba, tun da yake babu gefe ɗaya ne da juna, amma ba aikin sakaci ba ne na masanin, amma burinsa ya haifar da samfurin hannu. Kuma baki ne kawai sakamakon hadawa launuka daban-daban tabarau. Mafi mahimmanci, Malevich ya amsa hotunan wani ɗan littafin Alfons Alla, wanda ya zana hotunan baki baki, yana kiran aikin "Yakin Ƙasar Negroes a cikin Ruwa Mai Ruwa a cikin Daren."
14. Gustav Klimt, Adele Bloch-Bauer, 1907
Bayan asirin wannan hoton yana da alamar soyayya tsakanin maigidan Bloch-Bauer, mijinta da kuma klimt Kult. Lamarin shine cewa tsakanin uwar mace mai girma sukari da masanin shahararrun 'yan wasa a wancan zamani, soyayya mai ban sha'awa yana zagaye, kuma tabbas dukkan Vienna sun san game da shi.
Lokacin da wannan labari ya kai ga mijin Adele Ferdinand Bloch-Bauer, ya yanke shawarar yin fansa a kan masoyansa a hanyar da ba ta da kyau.
Ya yi tawaye da cin amana da matarsa, Mista Bloch-Bauer ya juya wa matarta Gustav Klimt tace: ya rubuta hoto na matarsa. Wannan mummunan labarun ya yanke shawarar cewa zai ki amincewa da hotuna na matarsa, kuma mai zanewa zai yi daruruwan sababbin zane-zane. Kuma wannan wajibi ne don mai zane ya fita daga samfurin Adele Bloch-Bauer. To, Adele ya ga yadda klimt yake sha'awar tacewa, kuma labari zai kawo ƙarshen.A sakamakon haka, shirin na Ferdinand ya yi aiki kamar yadda ya shirya, kuma bayan da ya rubuta mabiyan hotunan karshe sun rabu da har abada. Duk da haka, Adélie bai san cewa mijinta ya san yadda yake so tare da mai zane ba.
15. Bulus Gauguin, Daga ina muka fito? Wanene mu? Ina za mu?, 1897-1898.
Wannan hoton ya kasance mai juyowa a rayuwar mai zane, ko kuma, ya sake dawo da shi, bayan an kashe kansa. Ya rubuta wani aiki a Tahiti, inda wasu lokuta yakan gudu daga wayewa. Amma a wannan lokacin abubuwa ba su fita ba sosai: ƙananan talauci ya kawo maƙarƙashiyar zane mai zurfi.
Ya kammala zane a matsayin shaida ga 'yan Adam, kuma lokacin da aka kammala aikin, mai zane-zane ya tafi tsaunuka tare da akwatin arsenic don kawo ƙarshen rayuwarsa. Duk da haka, bai ƙididdige kashi ba, kuma yayi wrinkling tare da ciwo, ya koma gida ya bar barci. Bayan farkawa da sanarwa game da aikinsa, zane-zane ya sake komawa ga ƙishirwar rayuwarsa, kuma lokacin da ya koma gida duk abin da yake al'ada, haɓaka mai tsabta ya fara, kuma abubuwa suka tashi.
Asiri na wannan hoton ita ce dole ne a karanta shi daga dama zuwa hagu, kamar rubutun kalmomi wanda marubuta na zane ya yi ban sha'awa a lokacin. Ayyukan suna fada game da ruhaniya da ta jiki na mutum daga haihuwa har zuwa mutuwa (a gefen dama na dama an jariri jariri a matsayin alamar haihuwar haihuwa, kuma a cikin dakin hagu na hagu - tsufa da tsuntsu suna kama lizard a matsayin alamar mutuwar).
16. Bitrus Bruegel tsohuwar tsohuwar tsofaffin ɗalibai na Dutch, 1559
Wannan ainihin mahimmanci ya ƙunshi kanta kuma ba ƙarami ba, amma game da karin magana 112. Wasu daga cikinsu suna magana ne game da wawancin mutum. Mutane da yawa suna dacewa da wannan rana: "da makamai zuwa hakora", "ya tashi akan halin yanzu."
17. Paul Gauguin, Breton Village karkashin Snow, 1894.
Wannan hoton yana nuna zurfin tunanin mutum, kamar yadda zane aka gani a hanyoyi daban-daban. A karo na farko da aka sayar da zane bayan mutuwar mai zane-zane a gwanjo don ƙananan kalmomi bakwai da ake kira "Niagara Falls". Wannan ya faru ne saboda mai shirya shiri ya rataye shi tare da ƙafafunsa kuma ya ga ruwa a cikin hoton, ba wani kauye ba, wanda aka rufe da dusar ƙanƙara.
18. Pablo Picasso, Blue Room, 1901
Maganar wannan hoto shine nasara ga masana tarihi na fasaha kawai a shekara ta 2008, bayan da hasken infrared radiation ya haskaka shi. Bayan wannan, hoton na biyu ko, mafi mahimmanci, an gano na farko. A ƙarƙashin babban hoton mace a cikin dakin zane, siffar mutumin da yake da tufafi da kuma malam buɗe ido, yana nuna kansa da hannunsa, ya zama bayyane.
A cewar masanin Patricia Favero, lokacin da Picasso ya yi wahayi, sai nan da nan ya kama gashin ya fara farawa. Kuma watakila, a lokacin na gaba, lokacin da mahaifiyar ya ziyarce shi, mai zane ba shi da zane marar lahani a hannunsa, sai ya fara zane sabon hoto a saman ɗayan, ko Pablo ba shi da kuɗi don sababbin kullun.
19. Michelangelo, Halittar Adamu, 1511
Wannan hoton za a iya kira darasi na jikin mutum. Saboda haka, bisa ga masana kimiyya na Amurka a cikin neuroanatomy, hoton yana nuna babban kwakwalwa tare da sassan da ke gani, alal misali, gland, da cerebellum, da jijiyoyi da magunguna, wanda aka nuna a matsayin mai launi mai haske.
20. Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio, Lutnist, 1596
Wannan hoton ya nuna a cikin Hermitage na tsawon lokaci karkashin sunan "Lutnistka". Duk da haka, a farkon rabin karni na ashirin, masana tarihi na zamani da masana sun gano cewa hoton yana nuna wani saurayi, ba yarinya ba. A kan wannan tunani an tura su ta hanyar bayanin da aka kwance a gaban hoton mutum. Za su iya ganin kananan 'yan mata na Madrigal Jacob Arkademt "Kun san cewa ina son ku." Saboda haka, yana da wuya cewa mace za ta yi irin wannan zabi na waƙa.
Bugu da ƙari, a lokacin da ake zane-zane na zane-zane da kuma violin, waɗanda aka nuna a kan zane, an dauke su ne kawai na kayan kida. Bayan wannan ƙaddamarwa, an nuna hoto a ƙarƙashin sunan "Lutnist".