Yurobi a cikin zamani na zamani - abubuwan ban sha'awa

Ƙungiyar Eugenics - rukunin inganta ingantaccen ɗan adam, wani zaɓi wanda ya ba ka damar sarrafa jigon halitta. Ya kasance sananne a farkon karni na 20, wadannan Nazis na Hitler na Jamus sun yi amfani da wadannan sakonni, wanda ya bambanta jama'a daga gare su. Amma a farkon karni na farko, masana kimiyya sun sake bayyana amfanin amfanin wannan koyarwar kimiyya.

Eugenics - menene wannan?

Babban mahimman ka'idojin maganganu an fara ganowa a ƙarshen karni na 19 daga masanin ilimin kimiyya na Ingila Francis Galton. A cikin karni na 20, wasu gwamnatoci sun lura da wannan koyaswar don aikace-aikacen aiki, amma ka'idodin dabi'un da rashin aikin yin aiki ya zama abin ƙyama. Eugenics wata kimiyya ce wadda ke ƙayyade ka'idodin zabuka, masana kimiyya sun bambanta siffofin da dama:

  1. Biomedical . Tsoma baki akan kwayoyin halitta don tasiri kan rayuwa da lafiyar mutane.
  2. Discriminatory . Rushewar ƙungiyoyin jama'a da aka zaɓa.
  3. Tsara . Ƙuntatawar al'umma ta tilasta ra'ayoyi da karfi.

An adana darajarta don ci gaban kwayoyin halitta, wadda ke bada damar:

Evgenika - "don" da "a kan"

Mene ne binciken nazarin kwayoyin halitta? Wannan kimiyya yana nazarin bayyanar wasu siffofi ko kwayoyin halitta a cikin wani yanki. Nazarin da aka nuna sun nuna cewa karuwar mahallin canza lokacin da:

Kwayoyin kwayoyin halitta ba kawai amfani ba ne, amma har ma da koyarwa masu haɗari. Ƙwarewar ta nuna cewa ra'ayin yin kirkirar dan adam ya jawo hankalin masana kimiyya da dama daga asashe daban-daban. Amma wannan sha'awa shine samfurin kisan gilla da tashin hankali. Masu bincike suna ƙoƙarin raba matsayi:

  1. Kyakkyawan al'amari . Kowace shekara, kwarewar kwayar halitta tana ƙaruwa a cikin al'umma, yakamata za a iya taimakawa ta hanyar maganin ciwon ciki: zubar da ciki, kwayoyin halitta na kungiyoyin hadarin.
  2. Matsala mara kyau . Har zuwa yanzu, babu wani ma'anar yadda kuma kuma me yasa lalacewar ta gaji daga abin da al'umma ke so ya kawar da kanta.

Abubuwan da ke da kyau da kuma mummunan haɓaka

Bayanin game da amfanin da kuma haɗari na amfani da wadannan postulates sun tsara irin waɗannan eugenics:

  1. Gaskiya. Inganta 'yan Adam ta hanyar kusantar matakin mafi kyawun wakilai.
  2. Kuskure. Ana cire daga ginin mahaɗin masu ɗaukan nauyin lahani.

Da mummunan ƙarancin da aka samu sunaye, sarakunan Amurka sun kasance na farko da ke gwagwarmayar da lalata mutane ta hanyar tashin hankali a farkon karni na 20. A Jihar Indiana, akwai dokar da aka tilasta masu shan barasa, masu kwakwalwa da kuma marasa laifi, daga bisani aka kira shi "Indiya." Shekaru 26 an yi amfani dashi a jihohi arba'in, amma ba tare da inganci ba.

Kyakkyawan farillar

Aminiya mai kyau yana karfafa haifar da zuriya da mafi kyaun kwayoyin halitta, amma ba a sami shirin raya kasa ba, kamar yadda ba a tsara shi ba:

Saboda haka, matakan eugenic har yanzu suna iyakance ne kawai don ƙoƙari don hana karɓar nau'in cututtuka mai tsanani. Tarihi yana da misalai guda biyu na wannan aikace-aikacen nasara:

  1. Shirin shirin rigakafi na cutar thalassemia, wanda ake kira cutar sikila, a Sardinia.
  2. Yin gyaran aure a Isra'ila, wannan aikin ne na musamman. Wannan ya zama dole tare da bayyanar haske a cikin iyalan kabilar Thea-Saks, kawai ga Yahudawa. Yana haifar da haihuwar yara marasa lafiya, idan an gano ma'aurata da irin wannan jinsin, an hana su daga bikin aure.

Abubuwan da ke da kyau

Abubuwan da ke tattare da ƙananan halayen yana da karin bayani, saboda alamun da ba a so ba sun fi sauƙi a ayyana. Kwayoyin kimiyya sun fi nazarin halittu masu kyau, wanda ke taimakawa wajen kauce wa irin wannan bayyanar. Amma wannan shugabanci ya shafe kansa da nuna rashin gaskiya a cikin aikin:

Manufar wadannan hanyoyi shine kawar da kwayoyin da ba a so, amma implant ya haifar da dubban cututtuka na sirri. Har ya zuwa yanzu, babu wata cikakkiyar bayani, ko irin waɗannan hanyoyin sun taimaka wajen fitar da "cututtukan kwayoyin" a cikin tseren Aryans a farkon karni na karshe. Amma karuwar yawan haihuwar yara tare da epilepsy a Sweden, lokacin da karni na 18 ya zama doka a kan tsarin auren mutane da wannan ganewar ya bayyana, masu bincike sun rubuta.

Rashin rashawa da kuma maganin

Mutane sukan fi la'akari da wariyar wariyar launin fata da maganganu irin wannan koyarwa, amma wannan ba haka bane. Ilimin kwayoyin halitta, a matsayin kimiyya, na tasowa hanyoyi don inganta dabi'un halayyar dan Adam da kuma haɗakar da karuwar ginin. Kuma bisa ga wariyar launin fata - zargi na rashin bambancin wasu jinsi, kawai saboda wani launin fata, launi na gashi ko idanu, na wani yanki. Lafiya, iyawa , m - abin da aka godewa a zabin yanayi, wariyar launin fata gaba daya jahilci.

Matsanancin matsalolin da suka faru

Matsalar maganin da ake kira lakabi ne, saboda kiyaye rayuwar ga yara tare da maye gurbi kuma yana da rauni a cikin jiki yana rinjayar layin ginin. Akwai rikitarwa: ka'idodin 'yan Adam yana kare duk wani rai, kuma a lokaci guda ya kai ga yawancin mutane. Wasu masanan kimiyya sun gaskata cewa idan tsarin kwayoyin halitta ya taimaka wajen kare 'yan Adam daga lalacewa da cututtuka, duk yana nufin yakamata. Yawancin masu bincike ba su goyi bayan irin wannan ra'ayi ba, suna gaskanta cewa wajibi ne don cimma nasarar, kuma kada su hallaka.

Eugenics - abubuwan ban sha'awa

Kwayoyin halitta a zamani na zamani sun sami aikace-aikace a cikin aikin injiniya na kwayoyin halitta - ƙaddamar hanyoyin don rage cututtuka na kwayoyin halitta . Tare da taimakon mahimman ka'idoji na wannan darasi, ana bin waɗannan abubuwa:

Wata hanya ta dace ta haifar da kimiyyar da aka kira "sabuwar farfadowa". Idan kuna goyon bayan aiwatar da ka'idodin ka'idoji gaskiya ne. Har zuwa tsakiyar karni na 60 na karni na karshe, Singapore na daya daga cikin kasashe mafi talauci a duniya ta uku, amma bayan shekaru masu yawa sai ya zama iko mai iko. Dukkan wannan - godiya ga tsarin zamantakewa, kungiyoyi na musamman sunyi aure bisa la'akari da matakan ilimi, tare da matasa sunyi aiki kwarai masu kirkiro da likitoci.

Yara da aka haife su daga ma'aurata suna da 'yancin samun kyauta, sun zama kyakkyawan aiki. Kyakkyawan mai kyau ya zama irin waɗannan ka'idoji, aro a cikin eugenics:

Eugenics - littattafai

Ka'idodin maganganu sun jawo hankalin masu bincike da yawa daga kasashe daban-daban. Mafi shahararren yau ne:

  1. "Rasha sunaye" Vladimir Avdeev. Marubucin ya bayyana dukan matsayi na yau da kullum na wannan koyarwa, don haka mai karatu zai iya tsara ra'ayinsa game da tsararru a Rasha.
  2. "Transaevolution. Yanayin halaka mutum " Daniel Estulin. Littafin yana sadaukar da kullun da ke tattare da mahimmanci na shugabannin kasashen da dama.
  3. "Gabatarwar mutum ta gaba. Eugenics na XXI karni "by John Glad. Babban mahimman alamomin motar eugenic, aikinsa a cikin halittar mutum na gaba, an tsara su.