Kwayoyin halitta

Ƙananan cututtuka na kwayoyin halitta - ra'ayi na da kyau, saboda cutar ba zai iya faruwa ba a kowane yanki, kuma a wani ɓangare na duniya yana da tasiri a kan babban ɓangaren jama'a.

Sanin asalin cututtuka na kwayoyin halitta

Kwayoyin cututtuka ba su tashi daga ranar farko ta rayuwa ba, zasu iya bayyana kansu bayan 'yan shekaru. Saboda haka, yana da muhimmanci a yi nazari na dacewa akan cututtuka na kwayoyin halittar mutum, wanda za'a iya ganewa a yayin daukar ciki da kuma lokacin ci gaban tayi. Akwai hanyoyi da dama da aka gano:

1. Biochemical. Yana ba da damar ƙayyade kasancewar rukuni na cututtuka da ke haɗuwa da rashin ciwon zuciya. Wannan hanya ta hada da bincike na jini na jini don cututtuka na kwayoyin halitta, da kuma nazarin ilimin lissafi da kuma nazari na sauran ruwaye.
2. Cytogenetic. Yana hidima don gano cututtuka da suka tashi saboda rashin lafiya a cikin ƙungiyar chromosomes na tantanin halitta.
3. Ƙwayoyin kwayoyin-cytogenetic. Hanya mafi kyau ne idan aka kwatanta da wanda ya gabata kuma ya bari ya tantance mawuyacin canje-canje a tsarin da tsari na chromosomes.
4. Hadin ilimin halitta . Maganar cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtuka sun saba daidai da alamun sauran cututtuka, marasa cututtuka. Dalilin wannan hanyar bincikar maganin shine ya bambanta daga dukkanin alamun bayyanar cututtukan musamman wadanda ke nuna alamun cutar rashin lafiya. Anyi haka ne tare da taimakon shirye-shirye na kwamfuta na musamman da jarrabawa ta hanyar jarrabawa.
5. Halittun kwayoyin halitta. Hanyar zamani da abin dogara. Ya ba ka damar bincika DNA da RNA mutum, gano ko da canje-canje kaɗan, ciki har da jerin nucleotides. An yi amfani dasu don gano asalin cututtuka guda daya da maye gurbin.
6. Duban dan tayi nazarin:

• kwayoyin pelvic - don ƙayyade cututtuka na tsarin haihuwa a cikin mata, abubuwan da ke haifar da rashin haihuwa;
• ciwon tayi - don ganewar asali na rashin lafiyar jiki da kuma kasancewar wasu cututtuka na chromosomal.

Jiyya na cututtukan cututtuka

Ana yin jiyya ta hanyar amfani da hanyoyi uku:

1. Symptomatic. Ba ya kawar da dalilin cutar, amma ya kawar da bayyanar cututtuka kuma ya hana ci gaba da cutar.
2. Aetiological. Yana kai tsaye yana rinjayar sha'anin cutar tare da taimakon hanyoyin gyare-tsaren gyara jiki.
3. Pathogenetic. An yi amfani da shi don canza tsarin tafiyar da kwayoyin halitta da biochemical a jikin.

Nau'in cututtukan kwayoyin halitta

Kwayoyin cututtukan kwayoyin halitta sun kasu kashi uku:

1. Aberrations na Chromosomal.
2. Monogenic cututtuka.
3. Cututtuka na maganin polygenic.

Ya kamata a lura cewa cututtuka marasa lafiya ba su kasance cikin cututtukan da ba a raba su ba. su, sau da yawa, sun tashi daga lalacewa na injiniya ko tayin.

Jerin cututtukan cututtuka

Mafi yawan cututtukan da suka shafi asali:

• Hanya;
• makantaccen launi;
• Down ciwo;
• cystic fibrosis;
• spina bifida;
• Ciwon Canavan;
• leucodystrophy Pelitseus-Merzbacher;
• neurofibromatosis;
• Malamin Angelmann na ciwo;
• Cututtukan Thea-Sachs;
• Cutar Charcot-Marie;
• Joubert ta ciwo;
• Ciwo na Prader-Willi;
• Hanyar Turner;
• Klinefelter ta ciwo;
• phenylketonuria.

Mafi yawan cututtukan kwayoyin halitta:

• kuskuren Capgrass;
• ciwo na gawar mai rai;
• lata;
• Klein-Levin ciwo;
• Alamar;
• cutar giwaye;
• ƙwaƙwalwar ƙarfafawa;
• micropsy;
• Cicero;
• Ƙungiyar Stendhal;
• ciwon ciwo na wani fashewa;
• Roben ta ciwo.

Raran kwayoyin fata cututtuka:

• alamari;
• layin Blashko;
• launin fata na fata;
• hypertrichosis;
• Günther ta cutar.