Abstraction

Abstraction (wannan lokacin ya samo asali ne daga kalmar Latin termioio, wanda ke nufin abstraction) ya ƙayyade ra'ayi game da halin da ake ciki, mutum ko wani abu daga wani tsinkaye mai tsinkaye. Saboda haka, akwai matsala daga ƙayyadadden bayanai da kuma ikon tantance halin da ake ciki. Manufar abstraction ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen bunkasa ilimin kimiyya.

Abstraction misali ne

Duk wani abstraction na bukatar abubuwa biyu: na farko shi ne na kananan da kananan bayanai, na biyu shine mayar da hankali kan abin da ke faruwa a cikin mahimmanci da mahimman bayanai.

Alal misali, don nazarin motsi, da farko zubar da motsi a cikin dukkan nau'o'in, to, - motsi mai sauri, kuma a sakamakon haka, mafi tsabta da sauki tsari ya kasance don yin la'akari, yana nuna ainihin ainihin shi. Saboda haka, abstraction shine hali don mayar da hankali akan yanayin da ya dace.

Kodayake gaskiyar cewa wannan abu na farko, abstraction ne wanda ya sa ya yiwu ya ware da kuma nazarin batutuwan da suka fi muhimmanci - gudu, lokaci, nisa, da dai sauransu. Saboda haka, abstraction wata hanya ce ta cognition.

Wannan hanya ta ba ka damar zubar da ƙananan abu, sakandare, da kuma mayar da hankalin kan mafi mahimmanci. Ba asiri cewa a rayuwar mutum akwai lokuta da yawa yana da mahimmanci don ƙayyade babban jagora kuma kada ku rabu da makamashi a banza, ruɗi a kan tuddai. Fahimta tare da wannan kasuwancin farko kuma ya taimaka abstraction. Abstraction da ƙayyadewa

Kowace ra'ayi na da nasaba. Abstraction da concretization kamar neman kusa da nesa. Tsaya kusa, zaku yi la'akari da duk abin da ke cikin cikakkun bayanai (concretization), amma tsaye a nesa, za ku iya kimanta ra'ayi a matsayin cikakke, ba tare da ɓoyewa ba daga trifles (abstraction). Saboda haka, waɗannan su ne ra'ayoyin biyu.

Yana da sauƙi don kwatanta tare da misali. Idan ka ce "zan rasa nauyi" shine abstraction. Kuma idan kun ce "Zan bar mai dadi kuma zan yi safiya" - wannan gaskiya ne.

Hanyar abstraction da manufarsa

Abstraction in psychology da kuma sauran kimiyya ya bamu dama mu cimma burin cibiyoyin da suka taimaka wajen fahimtar ainihin wani abu, wani abu ko mutum. Wannan hanyar bincike yana baka dama ka sauya yawan lamurran musamman kuma ka dubi dukan, don haka an cimma burin da ke biyowa:

1. Ƙirƙiri samfurin. Lokacin da muka zaɓa wani abu na musamman ko inganci na wani abu kuma ya sanya shi a matsayin maɓallin, ana iya ƙari da haka kuma ta haka za mu sami manufa mai kyau. A bayyane yake cewa a gaskiya wannan ba zai iya wanzu ba, amma irin wannan daidaitattun daidai zai iya kasancewa mafita ga ka'idar da tunani kan batun.
2. Tabbatarwa. Wannan shi ne ka'idar abstraction wanda ke taimakawa nema don neman fasali na al'ada a cikin abubuwan da suka faru. A wannan yanayin, hankali yana mayar da hankalin jama'a gaba daya, kuma an kawar da cikakkun bayanan bayanai.
3. Bayani da ƙayyadaddun bayanai. Don cimma wannan burin, hankali yana mai da hankali ne akan wani ra'ayi, wanda ya ba da dama, alal misali, don ganin iyakoki a ma'anar kalmar. Abstraction yana taimaka wajen rarraba ra'ayoyi tsakanin juna.
4. Tsarin mulki da tsarin tsarin. Abu ne mai sauƙi ka yi tsammani cewa cikakkiyar daidaituwa da abstraction gaba ɗaya suna da alaƙa da alaka. Don cimma wannan burin, an mayar da hankalin akan abubuwan da sukafi dacewa don su iya raba ka'idoji cikin kungiyoyi masu dacewa. Kowace kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu ne kuma ya haɗa da ra'ayoyin juna, amma ya bambanta da sauran kungiyoyi waɗanda ke da wasu mahimman ra'ayoyi masu mahimmanci.

Zaka iya amfani da abstraction a cikin yanayi daban-daban. Ana cire daga bayanai masu ban mamaki, yana da sauƙin yin hankali akan ainihin ainihin abin sha'awa.