Waɗannan kyawawan furanni masu kyau sun zo mana daga Afirka da Rumunan. Yanzu akwai nau'o'i 5,000 kuma a kowace shekara akwai karin. Daga kwanon rassan gladiolus, ƙananan ɓangaren ɓaɓɓuwa mai girma, suna kama da ruwa kuma yana kai tsawon 70-150 cm. Hannun furanni masu launin fure da ƙananan fata guda shida suna tattare a cikin ƙananan inflorescence, wanda zai iya zama daya gefe, gefe biyu ko karkace. Furen ya ƙare bayan kwana goma sha biyu kuma a wurinsa 'ya'yan itace ripens (akwati da tsaba). Dangane da lokacin da gladioli furanni bayan dasa, an raba su zuwa:
- sosai a farkon - bayan kwanaki 65-70;
- farkon - kwanaki 71-74;
- tsakiyar lokaci - 75-79 days;
- matsakaita - 80-84 days;
- matsakaicin marigayi - 85-90 days;
- daga baya - kwanaki 91-95;
- sosai marigayi - kwanaki 100-140.
Gladiolus: girma da tsawa
Ga cin nasara namo na gladiolus a gonar kana buƙatar: wuri mai kyau, watering, loosening kasar gona tare da m kau da weeds da kuma na yau da kullum ciyar.
Gladiolus tsire-tsire da tsire-tsire masu zafi, saboda haka ya fi kyau shuka su a kan wani matashi mai ban sha'awa da hasken rana, mai haske, mai saukowa da ƙasa.
Gladiolus yana buƙatar mai yawa watering, a kalla sau ɗaya a mako (4-5 buckets da 1m2), musamman ma a lokacin girma kakar, amma ba tare da matsanancin danshi.
Daga lokacin bayyanar farkon zanen gado har zuwa ƙarshen lokacin rani, ana gabatar da takin mai magani a mako ɗaya ko a cikin mako a cikin kananan allurai, tun da tsawo da kuma ingancin flowering ya dogara da ciyarwa da juriya na gladiolus zuwa cututtuka. Idan baku san yadda za ku ciyar da gladioli ba, to, zaka iya yin bayani na ammonium nitrate, superphosphate da potassium sulfate (40g: 40g: 30g) da kuma tsallaka zuwa guga na ruwa.
Gladiolus dasa a cikin gidãjen Aljanna, ba za ka iya barin hunturu a cikin ƙasa bude. A farkon Oktoba, ana girbi kwararan fitila don hunturu, kuma a ƙarshen Afrilu - ya kamata a dasa su a bude ƙasa, koyaushe a sabon wuri.
Yadda za a shuka gladioli?
Wannan flower ana sauƙin dasa a gonar. Amma kana bukatar ka san yadda za a dace da kuma abin da kake bukata don shuka gladioli. Muna buƙatar yin wannan bisa ga algorithm mai biyowa:
- Ɗaya daga cikin watan kafin dasa shuki, samo kwararan fitila, cire su kuma saka su a cikin kwalaye, wanda dole ne a sa a cikin bushe, rana da wuri mai dumi.
- Shirya ƙasa: ƙara malalewa, tono a cikin fall, ciyar da takin gargajiya a cikin bazara (ƙara phosphorus).
- Ana bayar da shawarar yin gyare-gyare a ƙarshen Afrilu ko tsakiyar watan Mayu a cikin ƙasa mai tsanani zuwa 10 ° C. Kafin dasa shuki corms da yara, fara da farko don 1 -2 hours a cikin wani bayani na potassium permanganate ko jan karfe sulfate don rigakafin cututtukan fungal. Sai suka tsaya daya dare a cikin jiko na itace ash.
- Yi tsagi tare da zurfin kimanin cm 20. Tsarin dasa ya danganta da girman kwan fitila kanta kuma ya kamata daidai da sau uku ko sau hudu girmansa. Ana sanya kwararan fitila a kasan tsagi a nisa na 15-20 cm daga juna. A lokacin saukowa, ya kamata a shayar da tsaunuka da rijiyoyin.
- Yayyafa ƙasa tare da Layer na 2-5 cm.
- 3-4 days bayan bayyanar sprouts, kamar yadda suke girma, yayyafa su da ƙasa, har sai dukan duniya ne daidai.
Gladiolus: cututtuka da kwari
Gladiolus mai saukin kamuwa da cututtuka da karin kwari. Yawancin cututtuka na kowa shi ne fusariosis, launin toka, bushe da wuya rot, scab. A cikin yaki da su taimaka:
- daga cututtukan fungal - spraying tare da bayani na sha ko calcined soda;
- daga magunguna masu tasowa na fusariosis da rot - dasa shuki a tsakanin layuka na tafarnuwa, marigold, nasturtium, calendula, da kwararan fitila na shuke-shuke masu kamuwa da cutar dole ne a shirya su;
- daga thrips da aphids, an bada shawara don amfani da karate da azumi abinci (1-2 ml / 10 lita na ruwa);
- daga earwig - spraying tare da bayani na decis, fufanon ko carbofos;
- daga slugs - zanewa da sprinkling da waƙoƙi tare da superphosphate, ash, ƙura taba.
Dangane da yadda zaku duba bayan gladioli, za ku sami irin furanni a sakamakon.