Kashewa - menene a cikin ilimin halayyar mutum da zamantakewa?

A cikin kowace al'umma daga zamani har zuwa zamani, a cikin kowane rukuni daga ƙasa zuwa ga aiki tare akwai ka'idoji masu daidaituwa da al'ada. A matsayinka na al'ada, wadannan tarihi ne suka bunkasa al'amuran tarihi, wanda ke ba da izinin guje wa ci gaban abubuwan da ke faruwa ga mambobin kungiyar. Idan an keta wasu dokoki, to, zamewa ya faru.

Mene ne bambancin?

Gaba ɗaya, wannan shi ne sunan kowane fashewa daga ka'ida, amma ya kamata a lura cewa kalmar "rabuwar" ita ce manufa ta mahimmanci a zamantakewar zamantakewa, ba kamar waɗanda aka karɓa a cikin sauran ilimin kimiyya ba. A sakamakon haka, zai iya zama al'ada, yana tabbatar da amfaninta, saboda haka dole ne mu fahimci ma'anar wannan kalma sosai kamar yadda ya kamata.

Mene ne bambanci a ilimin halin mutum?

Mutum zai iya ba da amsa ba tare da amsa ba cewa haɓaka yana cikin ilimin halayyar kwakwalwa, kazalika da zamantakewar zamantakewa, ƙetare daga al'ada, amma sun bayyana saboda rashin aiki a cikin aikin al'ada da kuma mummunan jihohi.

Dalili na sabawa

Sanarwar ra'ayi game da abin da ke haifar da ƙaura daga al'ada bai riga ya samuwa ba. Wasu makarantu sun jaddada ilimi a cikin iyalin dysfunctional. A cikin wasu sifofi, dalilin da ya sabawa ya kusanci matsaloli tare da psyche; raguwa cikin ci gaban halitta ko kuma tsarin DNA. Kowane irin waɗannan nau'o'i yana da amfani da rashin amfani. Idan muka yi magana game da halayen aikata laifuka, ana nuna su ga mutanen da suka girma a cikin iyalin cikakken iyali, da kuma ɗalibai na iyalan iyayensu da marayu.

Alamun sabawa

Tun da manufar rabuwar abu ne daban-daban a kimiyyar daban-daban, alamunsa kuma zasu bambanta:

1. A cikin zamantakewar zamantakewa, halayyar karkatacciyar dabi'un ana daukar su ayyuka ne da basu da halayyar halayyar mafi yawan al'umma.
2. Ilimin zamantakewar al'umma ya ɗauki kowane bambanci daga dabi'un jama'a don zama karkata.
3. Haɓakawa cikin ilimin halayyar mutum da halayyar kwakwalwa shi ne halayyar amana wadda ta hana ci gaba da fahimta .

Babban nau'in bambancin

Bambancin bambancin hali ya kasu kashi biyu:

• lalacewar zamantakewa, ka'idodin doka, al'ada na dabi'un jama'a, al'adun al'adu;
• ƙwaƙwalwar tunani , a fili ko ɓoye.

Wa] annan kungiyoyi sun haɗa da nau'in bambanci na gaba.

1. Yan jarida . Bada la'akari da tushen kafaɗun zamantakewa.
2. Abinci . Kashewa, wanda ke haifar da laifukan aikata laifi.
3. Rashin lalacewar kai . Tashin hankali yana haifar da cututtuka ga lafiyar jiki ko tunanin mutum, ciki har da kashe kansa.
4. Psychopathological . Bayyanawar duk wani cuta ta jiki, cututtuka.
5. Dissocial . Kashi daga duk ka'idodin lafiya.
6. Paracaracterological . Ƙananan canje-canje a cikin halin da ya haifar da rashin ilimi.

Ƙasawar zamantakewa

Mahimmanci, ƙaddamar da wani aiki a cikin al'umma an ƙaddara ta hanyar dalili. Wato, dole ne a keta ka'idodin halin kirki na jama'a. Bambanci na zamantakewa shine kadai wanda yake da kyau da kuma mummunan.

Mene ne bambanci da alamar da aka sanya ta:

• heroism;
• bude sabon hanyar don ci gaban al'umma;
• yin yanki ko wasu binciken.

Daga wannan ra'ayi, masu karatu sune:

1. Ma'aikata masu yawa (H. Columbus, N. Miklouho-Maclay, R. Amundsen da sauransu)
2. Masana kimiyya (Giordano Bruno, Maria Curie, S. Korolev, A. Einstein da sauransu)
3. Shugabannin ruhaniya. Komai yayinda wannan rikitarwa zai iya sauti, amma game da addinin asalin al'umma, da cigaba da Kristanci, Buddha, Islama, da dai sauransu.
4. 'Yan wasan kwaikwayo wadanda suka gano sababbin nau'o'i da kuma hanyar da aka yarda da su na nuna fasaha. Alal misali, Edgar Allan Poe, yayi la'akari da mahaliccin tsarin zamani na jami'in, mai ban dariya kuma, a hanyoyi da yawa, fiction kimiyya.
5. Heroes. Alexander Matrosov, Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya, Maria Barsukova, Sergei Bagaev, da sauransu.
6. Makamai don daidaito.

Tsayayyarwa tare da alamar minus:

• lalata hali;
• daban-daban;
• ƙananan yara ba tare da sun kasance ba, sun rutsa daga gida;
• karuwanci;
• sadism.

Ci gaba da jerin ɓangaren zamantakewa na iya zama marar iyaka, saboda sun dogara ne akan tsarin al'umma a cikin tambaya. Alal misali, an lalata mata bigamy a cikin al'ummar Kirista kuma ita ce al'ada ga Islama. Gaba ɗaya, raguwa a cikin al'umma ya bambanta da sauran, wanda zai iya canza, dace da bukatun yawancin jama'a.

Rashin jima'i

Sunan na biyu don halayen jima'i, bambance-bambance daga al'ada da aka yarda kullum shine paraphilia. Bayyana abubuwan da ke haifar da karkatacciyar jima'i da kuma bada cikakkiyar ma'anar inda al'ada ta ƙare kuma inda raguwa ta fara a jima'i, mutane da yawa sun yi ƙoƙari. A cikin DSM-5, Ray Blanchar ya ba da ma'anar wannan bayani: "Paraphilia yana da nau'in halayen jima'i da kuma ci gaba da jima'i, ban da jima'i da sha'awar jima'i da kuma kayan aiki tare da wani abu mai mahimmanci na al'ada, mazan mutum da kuma jima'i." Jerin "normophilia" (wannan kalma yana nufin "al'ada" sha'awar jima'i kuma ana amfani da shi azaman rashin daidaituwa ga paraphilia) bisa ga Blancharu kamar wannan:

• maganganu na bakin ciki;
• anal / zazzage shigarwa;
• juna masturbation;
• Kisses.

Misalai na paraphilia:

• jima'i da sha'awa cikin fitsari, coprophilia;
• zabi ga mutane masu fama da nakasa mai tsanani;
• jima'i a cikin abubuwan BDSM.

Kusan nan da nan an fassara wannan ma'anar azabtarwa mai tsanani. Hakanan saboda rashin daidaituwa da wasu daga cikin abubuwan da aka gyara. Don haka Charles Moser ya sami kuskure don yin ma'anar ta hanyar abin da ba haka ba. Bugu da ƙari kuma, ya nuna cewa manufar "batun siffar phenotypically" ba shi da kyau (alal misali, ba a bayyana ko irin wannan abu ba ne mace wadda ta yi aikin tiyata).

Masanin burbushin halittu yayi la'akari da kuskuren da bayyanar jima'i a cikin takardun. Don haka bisa ga ma'anar DSM-5, sha'awar mace ta yi biyayya ga mutum a gado shi ne al'ada, kuma akasin haka shi ne ɓata. Haka ma gaskiya ne don sha'awar yin amfani da tufafi masu kyau. Gaba ɗaya, Charles Moser yana da ra'ayi cewa iyakokin da ke tsakanin normophilia da paraphilia ne kawai saboda al'adun gargajiya da na addini kuma daga wurin likita ba su wanzu.

Ya kamata duk da haka ya rabu da paraphilia daga cuta na paraphilic. Idan na farko shine kawai sha'awar siffofin marasa daidaituwa da hanyoyi na m dangantaka, to, na biyu shi ne cuta, kuma yana nuna halin kasancewar dogara. A aikace, yana kama da wannan: idan BDSM mai son zai iya yin ba tare da shi ba, to, paraphilia ne. Idan za a iya samun gamsuwa kawai a cikin tsarin BDSM, wannan cuta mai launi.

Yanayin Gender

Irin wannan karkatawa daga ka'idodi da aka yarda da shi kullum ya haifar da abin da ya fi rikitarwa a cikin al'umma. Daga lokacin da jaririn ya haifa, wasu siffofi da hangen nesan duniya suna gabatarwa, an tsara shi don ƙarshe ya karfafa dabi'ar jima'i ta hali da bayyanarta. Don haka 'yan mata daga ƙananan yara suna ƙauna ga riguna, ado da kuma gyara. Ga 'yan mata - don tsananin, wasanni ko kayan ado.

A nan gaba, wadannan bambance-bambance a cikin bayyanar suna ƙarfafa ta bambancin hali da kuma muhimmancin. Idan mace ta yi aiki wanda ba shi da dangantaka da namiji ko namiji ko matsala, wannan shine bambancin jinsi. Matsayinsa mafi girma shi ne bayyanar mutum kamar canzawa ko canza jima'i ta hanya m. Mutane da yawa suna da tsammanin cewa waɗannan su ne yaudarar zamani, halayyar kawai zamaninmu.

Rarraban sadarwa

Harkokin sadarwa, wato, saɓani na sadarwa, sune:

1. Autism . Farfesa - zama na al'ada - yana nuna kanta a lokacin yaro da kuma yana rayuwa. Na biyu - samo - na iya bayyana bayan da yake cikin halin damuwa ko kuma sakamakon sakamakon haɓaka. Wadannan nau'i na rarraba suna nuna sha'awar yin haɗaka, rashin iyawa don kula da dangantakar abokantaka da kuma kafa hulɗa tare da baki.
2. Sassauci . An abokin gaba na autism. Mutumin da ke fama da rashin lafiyar yana so ya sadarwa tare da yawancin masu magana kamar yadda ya kamata a matsayin ɗan gajeren lokaci, inganci ba ya san yadda za a jure wa daidaituwa.
3. Phobias (tsoro) . An yi imani cewa kowane mutum yana da akalla phobia. Wasu daga cikinsu suna matsa lamba sosai. Alal misali ereytofobiya (jin tsoro a fili) ko kyamarar (tsoro na zama abin ba'a).

Kashewa - sectarianism

Ɗaya daga cikin matsalolin da aka sani na zamani na zamani shine ƙungiya. Mutane suna tilasta su je can ta wurin daban-daban bambancin ra'ayi. Alal misali, autism, zamantakewa hali, da dai sauransu. Daga ƙungiyoyi sun bambanta ƙungiyoyin kamar haka.

1. Ku bauta wa jagoran ruhaniya (mutum).
2. Tsarin tsari mai tsabta. Koda ko wanzuwarsa ba a sani ba ga magoya bayan al'umma
3. Bukatar sha'awar kare rayukan membobin kungiyar.

Abincin abinci

Akwai abubuwa biyu da sukafi sani iri iri: anorexia da bulimia. An yi imani cewa wannan fassarar zamani ne, amma an fara rubuta batun farko na anorexia a farkon karni na 17.

1. Anorexia . Bukatar da za a hana karuwa a jikin nauyin jiki ta kowane hanya, har zuwa yawan ƙin abinci.
2. Bulimia . Hakazalika da anorexia, amma har ma ya haɗa da cike da rashin ciwo.

Kashewa - giya

Tsarin pathological dogara ga barasa, jagora a ƙarshen lalacewa. Alcoholics, a matsayin mai mulkin, sun ƙaryata game da wanzuwar matsala kuma suna tabbata cewa zasu iya jimre ta a kowane lokaci. Sauran halayyar mutum ko siffofin ilimin lissafi na mutum ya kai ga samuwar maye gurbi .

Sakamakon ƙaura

Duk wani karkatawa shine karkatawa daga al'ada. Amma idan har ya zama tabbatacciya, yana da tasiri ga al'umma, wannan cin zarafin ya zama al'ada, kuma mai basira ya zama mai taimako. Shirye-shiryen da ba daidai ba yakan haifar da hukunci ko zargi jama'a. A wasu lokuta, magani mai mahimmanci zai yiwu.