Cututtuka masu ilimin halittu suna da yawa daga cikin yawan cututtuka. Fiye da mutane miliyan 10 a kowace shekara ana bincikar su a duniya. Dukan ƙasashe suna jiran labarai daga masana kimiyya game da sababbin maganin mu'ujiza don ciwon daji. Kuma a halin yanzu, yawan mutuwa daga ilimin halittu ya ci gaba da girma. To, menene maganin wannan cuta?
Magungunan maganin rigakafi don ciwon daji
Akwai hanyoyi da dama don magance ilimin ilimin halitta. Wannan chemotherapy, radiation, hormonal, ƙaddara farfadowa, m intervention. Hanyar da aka zaba dangane da nau'in, mataki na cutar, wurin da ciwon sukari, jihar lafiyar mai haƙuri, da dai sauransu. Akwai magani don ciwon daji? Ana amfani da metabolites na antineoplastic don chemotherapy. Babban manufar yin amfani da su shine don ci gaba da ciwon daji ya hana, ƙwayar ba ta ƙãra ba, kuma ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta ba su bayyana ba. Waɗannan su ne irin kwayoyi irin su:
- Ftorafur;
- Hanyar;
- Hydroxyurea;
- Xeloda.
Anesthetics for ilimin halitta
Drugs cewa kawar da ciwo, tare da ciwon daji, ana amfani dasu don hana illa marasa lafiya a yanayin lafiyar jiki da tunanin mutum. Pain a cikin ilimin halittar jiki ya kasu kashi biyu: neuropathic da nociceptive. An wajabta magani na shan wuya bisa ga irin ciwo. Saboda haka, an sani cewa jin zafi ba tare da kullun bacewa tare da yin amfani da analgesics, wadanda ba kwayoyin cutar anti-inflammatory ba, opioids. Don kawar da ciwon neuropathic, kwayoyi masu cutar antiepileptic da masu amfani da maganin tricyclic an tsara su.
Magunguna masu karfi don ilimin kimiyya sunyi wajan likita, lokacin da mafi raunana basu da sakamako da ake so. Wannan ya faru ne saboda saurin karfin jiki zuwa hanyoyin da ake amfani dashi. A irin waɗannan lokuta, ana amfani da tsari guda uku, bisa ga shawarar WHO. A lokaci guda, an dauki shirye-shiryen adjuvant. Wannan makirci yana bada sakamako mai tsanani a cikin kashi 90% na lokuta:
- non-narcotic analgesic ;
- wani magani mai narkewa mai rauni da kwayar cutar da ba narcotic analgesic;
- opiates na morphine kungiyar da wadanda ba narcotic analgesic.
Taimako daga zafi farawa tare da amfani da wadanda ba narcotic analgesics. Wadannan sune:
- Paracetamol;
- Aspirin;
- Tsarin tsarin kwamfuta;
- Diclofenac;
- Yana da wani éthanol;
- Ibuprofen;
- Naproxen;
- Ketorolac;
- Kayan shafawa;
- Meloksikam;
- Xsefokam;
- Mefenamic acid.
Adjuvant kwayoyi ne kwayoyi cewa:
- bayar da sakamako mai kyau (antidepressants, glucocorticoids, anti-inflammatory kwayoyi);
- suna da tasiri mai kyau a kan sakamakon illa na narcotic analgesics (antipsychotics);
- Ƙarfafa sakamako masu tsauraran zuciya (Clonidine, allurar manci).
Don rauni opiates kawo:
- Katin;
- Tramadol.
Don yin amfani da kwayoyi masu narkewa masu karfi don maganin rigakafi za a iya danganta su:
- Propionylphenylethoxyethylpiperidine hydrochloride;
- Morphine;
- Buprenorphine;
- Fentanyl.
Kwayoyin maganin rigakafi don ilimin kimiyya
Ruwa ba kawai yana da hali mara kyau ba, amma har da sauri ya jagoranci jiki zuwa jin dadi, kuma ƙwayar mucous membranes daga cikin gastrointestinal fili na da lalacewar injiniya. Bayyanar tashin hankali da kuma ciwo a cikin ciwon daji shine abin da ya saba da shi. Dalili na iya zama daban-daban:
- radiation far;
- chemotherapy;
- tumo da metastases a cikin kwakwalwa;
- rikitarwa na ƙwayar ciwon gastrointestinal fili;
- koda gazawar;
- ƙananan ƙwayoyi a cikin hanta.
- giya;
- cututtuka masu cututtuka da cututtuka.
Kafin yin aikin kawar da mummunar alama da kwayoyi, dole ne a kafa dalilai. Saboda wannan, kwayoyi da masu haƙuri suka karɓa kuma ana nazarin bayanan binciken. Sakamakon wannan bayyanar alama na iya zama tsakiya da na gefe. A lokacin da ake amfani da ma'anar tsakiya, ana amfani da kayan aiki masu zuwa:
- masu tsaikowa na serotonin (masu sintiri na 5 NTZ-receptors - Ondansetron, Tropisetron, Granisetron, da dai sauransu), sun fi tasiri cikin maye;
- corticosteroids (Dexamethasone, Methylprednisolone, Solumedrol);
- Benzodiazepines (diazepam, lorazepam).
Ayyukan maganin maganin kwayoyi na kwayoyin cutar kwayoyin halitta:
- atropine da sauran kwayoyi masu guba (Platyphylline da Metacin);
- antihistamines (Diphenhydramine, Tsarin);
- Masu tayar da hanzari na kwayar halitta sune phukurozine (Etaperazine, Torekan, Aminazine) da butyrophenones (Droperidol, Haloperidol), Metoclopramide (Cerucal).
Magungunan ci gaba da ciwon daji
Ci gaba da ci gaba shine ƙwarewa a kan yaki da ilimin ilimin halitta. In ba haka ba, ana kiran wadannan kwayoyi "mai kaifin baki". Wannan suna da aka karɓa saboda ikon yin aiki kawai a kan mutating Kwayoyin, yayin da kwayoyin lafiya da gabobin jiki ba su canza ba. Irin wannan maganin ilimin kimiyyar ilimin kimiyya an umurce shi don dakatar da ciwon ciwon sukari, rage yawan asirin chemotherapy kuma a cikin yanayin mummunan marasa lafiya. A yau, kimanin magungunan kwayoyi 10 an gwada su a asibiti da kuma amfani da su, kimanin mutum dari ana gwaji kuma, mai yiwuwa, za a yi amfani da su don magance ciwon daji.
Hanyoyi masu tasowa akan ilimin ilimin halitta
Akwai ra'ayoyi da dama game da amfani da immunomodulators a cikin cututtukan ciwon daji. Suka fara amfani da su a cikin 70 na. Ayyuka sun nuna cewa irin wannan ma'anar bai ba da sakamako mai ban mamaki ba. Zai iya kasancewa mai kyau da korau. Immunotherapy tare da ilimin ilimin halayyar ilimin halitta yana amfani dashi ga alamu da dama:
- bayan shan magani da kuma maganin iska mai guba tare da cututtuka na rigakafi da damuwa (Tamerite, Polyoxidonium, Glutoxim, Galavit, Neovir, Cycloferon, Roncoleukin, Leukinferon, Lycopid, Decaris, Timalin, Timogen, Milife);
- bayan aiki mai rikitarwa (Polyoxidonium, Leukinferon, Galavit, Imunofan, Roncoleukin Myelopid, Lycopid);
- don gyara damuwa a cikin tsarin da ba a rigakafi (Polyoxidonium, Glutoxim, Leukinferon, Imunofan, Galavit);
- don aiki a kan neoplasm kanta (Roferon, Reaferon-EU, Intron-A, Leukocyte interferon don injections);
- don kare rigakafi (Leukinferon, Neovir, Roncoleukin da Galavit), tasiri a wannan hanya ba a tabbatar ba.
Shirye-shirye don haɓakar hemoglobin a cikin ilimin ilimin halitta
Ya danganta da yawan jinin jini, ya bambanta tsakanin microcytic, macrocytic da anemia na al'ada. An yi amfani da kayan aikin ƙarfe don nazarin halittu a cikin intravenously ta hanyar allura tare da shirye-shiryen erythropoietin, wanda ya karfafa da samar da erythrocytes. Bugu da ƙari, don ƙara haɓakar haemoglobin a marasa lafiya na ciwon daji, hanyar amfani da transfusion na erythrocytes ana amfani dasu, lokacin da jini da aka samu daga jini mai ba da gudummawa sun shiga cikin intravenously. Saboda haka, matakin hemoglobin ya tashi nan da nan.
New kwayoyi a maganin ciwon daji
Canje-canje a kan maganin ilimin ilimin halitta, kamar kowane shugabancin magani, yana faruwa a kowace shekara 10. Daga sababbin abubuwan da suka faru, maganin ciwon ciwon daji, da aka tsara don maganin rigakafi, gabatar da sababbin hanyoyin ƙwarewa, da kuma injuna don ƙyalewa da kuma farfadowa. Don inganta sabon magani don ciwon daji, yana daukan lokaci mai yawa. Bayan ƙaddamarwar, ƙwayar miyagun ƙwayoyi sun wuce nau'i na gwaji.
Magungunan maganin ciwon daji
Daga cikin sababbin binciken - wani sabon kwayar cutar Rasha da ke fama da ciwon daji, wanda kamfanin BIOCAD, PD-1 ne ya bunkasa. Daga shekarar 2015 zuwa 2016, an gudanar da gwaje-gwajen dabba. Sakamakon da aka nuna ya nuna duk abin da aka kirkira a baya. Wannan shi ne manufa ɗaya ko ake kira "maganin", wanda ya dakatar da cigaban ciwon sukari. Yanzu kashi na biyu na gwaje-gwaje yana gudana. An shirya cewa magani zai kasance don amfani tun farkon 2018-2019.
Waɗanne irin ciwon daji ke fadawa sabon magani?
Sabuwar maganin maganin ciwon daji, a cewar masana, yana da tasiri a irin nau'o'in ilimin halittu kamar ciwon huhu na huhu , koda, kai da wuyansa, mafitsara, melanoma. Masu haɓaka sun yi alkawarin cewa ko da lokacin da liyafar ta dakatar, sakamakon sabon magani zai ci gaba, wanda zai ba da dama don dawowa ko da ga marasa lafiya. Kuma mafi mahimmanci, kayan aiki zai kasance samuwa ga Russia. Biyu da suka riga sun yi amfani da irin wannan kwayoyi suna samarwa waje kuma suna da tsada sosai.
Abin da kwayoyi ba za a iya dauka tare da ilimin ilimin ilimin halitta ba?
Amsar tambayar, menene magunguna bazai iya yiwuwa ba a ilimin kimiyya, yana da daraja tunawa da cewa wasu magunguna ba zasu iya hana maganin daga ilimin ilimin kimiyya ba, amma har ma ya kara tsananta halin da ake ciki. Alal misali, kwayoyi da ke motsa metabolism, bitamin da kuma masu tsauraran kwayoyin halitta na iya haifar da ciwon tumo da kuma metastases. A karkashin dakatar da hawaye. Tambaya ta kasance game da yadda ake yin shirye-shirye na baƙin ƙarfe. Suna sauƙin saukewa kuma ba'a ƙayyade ta jiki ba. Saboda haka, za su iya yin mummunar cutar fiye da kyau.