Matsalolin tsarawa, ciki da ci gabanta a duk lokacin da kyau akan TOPs na batutuwa na mata. Kuma, a fili, duk da haka, ilimin kimiyya game da tushe na "haihuwa na sabuwar rayuwa" yana da iyakancewa akan karatun "ilimin halitta da pestle" a cikin makaranta. Bari mu yi ƙoƙari mu kama da kuma nazarin tsarin ɗayan manyan haruffan wannan tsari - mace kwai.
A lokacin haihuwar yarinyar a cikin ɗakinta, glandon endocrine da ke da alhakinta na al'ada, akwai kimanin mata 7,000 - ƙwai (tsirrai), kowanne daga cikinsu, wanda za'a iya ganewa, zai iya zama tushen sabuwar rayuwa bayan hadi. Amma a hankali tare da shekaru, adadin qwai ya karami: a cikin shekaru 20 ya riga ya kai 600,000, kuma bayan 60 ba za a iya samun su ba. Irin wannan samfurin yarinyar mace yana ba da damar mace ta kasance mahaifi ko da an cire wani ko ɓangare na sauran ovary.
Sabili da haka, kwayar halitta (cell kwai, ovum) shine kwayar halitta mai rai ta jikin mutum, mace mai haifuwa ta mace tana da siffar nau'in nau'i (siffar dan kadan ko siffar mai siffar siffar fure) wadda take da ita kuma tana "adana" a cikin ƙwayoyin mata. Yana da kusan tsararru kuma kafin kaiwa cikin mahaifa ya sa hanya ta kimanin 10 cm cikin tsawon tare da na ciki na oviduct cikin kwanaki 4-7. Girman kwai ya ninka sau biyu fiye da girman kwayar halitta - kwayar cutar namiji da kuma sau da yawa sau da yawa - girman sauran kwayoyin jikinsu cikin jiki. Yawan diamita na tsari na 100-170 μm. An kafa mata gamete don watsawa a cikin tsarin haifuwa daga jerin samfurori 23 na chromosomes (22 bayanan bayanan da aka ba da izinin haɗakarwa) daya jima'i X chromosome da ke da alhakin jima'i na jariri ba a haifa ba).
Menene kwai yake kama?
Tsarin tsarin tsarin ƙwayar yarinya, wadda aka kafa bayan an halicce shi - watsar da yarin daga jaka a cikin rami na ciki, an gabatar da shi a kasa.
Gaba ɗaya, kwai yana da tsarin kama da sauran kwayoyin jiki: tsakiya, cytoplasm, ƙuntataccen membrane plasma. Haploid nucleus tare da saitin chromosomes na sama a cikin kwai yana cikin cibiyar. Cytoplasm ya ƙunshi da dama ribosomes, abubuwa na reticulum endoplasmic kuma dauke da enzymes da suka cancanta don numfashi daga cikin kwayoyin mitochondrial. Ƙananan wuri na cytoplasm yana dauke da bishiyoyi masu asiri (cortical), wanda akan shiga cikin ƙwan zuma na sutura ana saki, yana aiki a kan harsashi, wanda sakamakon hakan ya haifar da canji a cikin tsarin ocycy kuma ya hana shiga jiki na sauran spermatozoa. Kwayoyin cortical masu aiki zasu inganta haɗin haɗari.
Harsunan kwai kuma sunyi aiki na tsaro da kuma aikin gudanarwa abinci mai gina jiki. A waje, ƙwarƙashin yarinya yana kewaye da shi, harsashi mai laushi, wanda aka rufe shi da wani Layer na microvilli - wannan shine mai laushi mai suna "follicular coat" ko kuma kambi mai haske.
Ƙarfin kwayar halitta shine karamin kwayar halitta wanda, tare da kwai, an kafa shi ne sakamakon sakamako mai mahimmanci - rabuwa na tantanin halitta a lokacin matuƙarta. An tabbatar da hujjar kimiyya cewa abubuwan da ke cikin kwayar halitta na iya zama tushen dalili akan cututtukan cututtuka.
Gina na gina jiki kafin a fara gabatar da shi a cikin bango na uterine tare da taimakon yaduran granules-vesicles, cike da fats, ƙananan sunadarai, bitamin da microelements.
Kyakkyawan ƙwayar halitta mai tsada, ta yiwuwar hakan zai iya rinjayar da irin abubuwan da ke da tasiri na waje kamar yanayin salon salula, ƙwayoyin biochemical da zazzabi na yanayin yarin. Bugu da ƙari, inji na aiki na intracellular yana da muhimmiyar sakamako a cikin aiwatar da maturation. "Raunin", ba kwai masu cin nama ba yakan haifar da rashin haihuwa. Wannan zai iya faruwa, alal misali, idan jerin tsararraki sun kasance ko dai a kasa da kwanaki 21, ko fiye da kwanaki 35. A karkashin irin wannan yanayi, ƙwayar kwai ba ta "tanada", ko kuma ta zama mara dace. Idan babu ovulation, ovaries ba su samar da kwayar cutar ba, wanda kwayoyin ke balaga. Saboda haka, ba tare da qwai ba, lokacin da spermatozoa ya shiga, hadi ba ya faruwa.