Ana inganta na'urori na likita don maganin ƙwaƙwalwa. Yawancin kayan yau da kullum, ciki har da masu shiga, sune tsarin software da hardware. Dukkan sassa da kayan aikin injiniya na kayan aiki sune kerarre da mafi daidaituwa, kuma don sarrafa bayanai, aikace-aikacen kwamfuta na musamman sune alhakin.
Mene ne CT?
Dalili na na'urar da aka yi la'akari shi ne hasken kwaikwayo na X-ray. Yana da sauri ya juya a cikin babban zobe (gentry), a tsakiyar wanda akwai shimfiɗar shimfiɗa (abin da mai haƙuri yake). Ana tafiyar da ƙungiyoyi na wannan tebur da tube. Bayani mai sauƙi game da abin da CT duba shi ne jerin hotunan X-ray wanda ake so daga jiki daga kusurwoyi daban-daban. A sakamakon haka, ana samun hotunan hotunan kwayoyin halitta ko tsarin ilmin halitta a sassan da raunin 1 mm, wanda aka gyara ta hanyar firikwensin na'urar.
Bayan ana daukan hotuna, kwamfutar komputa ta "tattara" ta amfani da software na musamman. Dukkan kayan da aka rubuta ta hanyar ganowa a cikin gantry suna sarrafawa ta hanyar tsarin aiki. Daga cikin waɗannan, shirin "yana ƙara" hoto mai girma na uku na yankin bincike, an nuna shi a kan mai duba kwamfutar. A cikin waɗannan hotunan, ƙananan tsarin kwayoyin halitta suna bayyane, har ma da canje-canjen canji a cikin ayyukansu.
Wace irin CT akwai?
Masana kimiyya suna cigaba a duk lokacin, sabili da haka ana inganta kayan na'urorin bincike. Kwancen CT masu zuwa yanzu suna samuwa:
- karkace;
- Alamar da yawa;
- bambanta;
- Alamar bayanai;
- perfusion.
Karba da rubutun kwaikwayo
An yi amfani da wannan nau'i na na'ura a cikin bincike na shekaru 30. Kwamfuta na komputa na kwamfuta yana kunshe da manyan sassa uku:
- X-ray tube mai juyawa;
- daya jerin na'urori masu auna kwayoyin halitta tare da kewaye da zobe;
- da gado yana motsawa cikin gantry.
Multilayer da aka kirkira kwaikwayo
Wannan nau'in na'urar yana samar da mafi yawan bayanai da kuma mafi yawan bincike. Mahimman bayanai da aka kirkira (MSCT) sun bambanta da bincike na yau da kullum tare da ƙara yawan ƙididdiga da tubes. A cikin na'urorin da aka bayyana, ana shigar da na'urori masu auna sigina a 2-4 layuka. A kan iyakokin gantry, babu daya amma biyu nau'i na X-ray zai iya juyawa, wanda ya kara hanzarta binciken da rage karfin radiation.
Sauran amfanoni na MSCT:
- sabuwar software;
- hotuna masu mahimmanci;
- Hotuna masu ban sha'awa;
- ikon yin rajistar tafiyar matakai a ainihin lokaci;
- iyakar daki-daki na yanke;
- babban yanki na ɗaukar hoto;
- da aiwatar da samfurin 3D na dukkanin tsarin da gabobin.
Daidaitawa tare da bambanci
Don bunkasa bambancin gabobin da ke gefen gefe da kuma yin ƙananan ƙwayoyin tsarin jiki, misali jini, ana amfani da nau'o'i na musamman na CT. Suna bayar da shawarar gabatar da kwayoyi wanda ya karu da bambancin kyallen takarda a yayin da yake shafan hasken rana. Irin wannan fasalin da aka lissafta ana aiwatarwa a hanyoyi biyu:
- Orally. Mai haƙuri yana shan bayani tare da wakili dabam. Girman ruwa, jerin likitoci da yawancin gwargwadon aikinsa sun lissafta ta likita.
- Intravenously. Ma'anar bambancin da ake gudanarwa ne ta hanyar allurar ko ta hanyar tabarbaran atomatik.
CT angiography
An kirkiro irin wannan bincike musamman domin nazarin tsarin sigina. CT angiography na tasoshin wuyansa da kuma shugaban taimaka wajen gano duk wani ƙaddamarwa a cikin ƙananan wuraren, ciki har da ischemic ko hemorrhagic stroke, don tantance sakamakon da sakamakon su, don gano neoplasms na kowane quality. Don ƙara yawan darajar tsarin, hanya-dabam da miyagun ƙwayoyi tare da abun ciki na iodine an cire shi a cikin ɓarna.
Ɗaya daga cikin nasarorin da aka samu na zamani da kuma ban sha'awa shi ne rubutun kwamfuta na mahaukaci, wuyansa, ƙwayoyi da wasu sassa na jiki. Mun gode wa software na cigaba da wannan magudi yana bada damar samar da samfuri uku na dukan tsarin siginar jiki na mutum wanda yana da yiwuwar cikakken zanawa a kowane kusurwoyi.
Cusion perfusion
An gabatar da littafin da aka gabatar a cikin binciken hanya mafi kyau da kuma daidai don tantance cututtukan siginar cutar. Kwafar kwamfuta ta lalata ta bambanta daga hanya mai tsabta tare da karami na katako, wanda ya ba da cikakken cikakken samfurin 3D na gabobin a sakamakon. Irin wannan magudi ana aiwatar da shi tare da gwamnatin intravenous na matsakaicin matsakaici a karkashin kulawar mai kwakwalwa ta atomatik.
A magani, kawai Cusion perfusion na kwakwalwa da hanta da ake amfani. Yana taimakawa ba kawai don ƙirƙirar siffar girman nau'i na uku na waɗannan sifofi ba, har ma don tantance yawan ƙarfin da yaduwar jini ta hanyar yatsunsu, manyan ƙananan jirgi. A kan na'urori na zamani waɗannan matakai za a iya kiyayewa a ainihin lokacin.
CT - alamomi da contraindications
Ana amfani da wannan fasaha a magani don dalilai da yawa. Za'a iya sanya halayen lissafi da aka lissafa a matsayin:
- Alamar bayanai;
- dabarun gaggawa;
- duba dubawa;
- kimantawa na tasiri lafiya;
- kula da aiwatar da maganin warkewa da bincike.
CT - alamu ga:
- faɗuwa ;
- ciwon kai;
- karar da aka bushe bushe;
- zazzabi;
- ciwo mai kwari;
- canje-canje a yanayin tunanin mutum;
- Tagar rikici;
- ciwon jini;
- ƙaddamarwar lalacewa ta kasa;
- rashin lafiya;
- rashin lafiya ;
- hawan jini;
- hypoventilation na huhu;
- meningism;
- ciwo a cikin wani ɓangare na jikin da ba a sani ba;
- gyare-gyaren haɓaka a daidaituwa da ingancin tayin;
- ciwo mai narkewa;
- nakasa motsi na kashin baya da gadarorin;
- myalgia ;
- pathology na numfashi na numfashi;
- zubar da ciki ;
- Cututtuka na hakora da ɗakun murji;
- zato da kasancewar neoplasms na kowane nau'i;
- babban shafi da wasu yanayi.
Contraindications zuwa manipulation ba tare da amfani da wakili dabam ba:
- ciki;
- Nauyin jiki fiye da iyakar da aka bari don na'urar da ke ciki.
CT tare da magunguna masu dauke da iodine suna da irin wannan takaddama, kuma baza a iya yin hakan ba a cikin waɗannan lokuta:
- myeloma;
- wani rashin lafiyar zuwa wakili dabam dabam;
- ciwon sukari a cikin wani mataki mai tsanani;
- koda gazawar ;
- rashin cikakkiyar yanayin mutum;
- pathology na thyroid gland shine yake.
Menene lissafin kwaikwayo ya nuna?
Tare da taimakon ma'anar ƙwarewar da aka bayyana, yana yiwuwa a bincika dukkanin kwayoyin halitta. Abin da CT ya nuna yana dogara ne da manufar manufarsa, yankin da ake bincike da kuma irin tsari. An yi amfani da yin amfani da kwakwalwar kwamfuta don gano asalin abubuwan da ke cikin ciki, kayan kyakoki, kasusuwa da kwakwalwa. An yi amfani da ilimin angiography da perfusion don cututtuka na manyan ƙananan jini.
Daidaitaccen lissafi na ɓangaren ciki
A cikin wannan sashi, jarrabawa na taimakawa wajen gano nau'o'in kwayoyin halitta na kowane ɓangaren ƙwayar cuta. Ƙididdigar lissafi na kodan, ƙwaƙwalwa, intestines, hanta, an ba da umarni idan an yi la'akari da matsaloli masu zuwa:
- wani ƙunci;
- cysts;
- cutar kututtuka;
- anerysms;
- ciwan daji;
- ƙãra ko ƙananan ƙwayoyin lymph nodes;
- gaban abubuwan waje;
- Hanyar sarrafawa;
- zubar da ciki;
- appendicitis;
- abubuwan da ke faruwa a ciki.
Kwamfuta ta hanyar kirkirar hanji ya haɗa da yin amfani da matsakaicin matsakaici. Kafin manipulation, masu haƙuri za su sha ruwan magani na musamman. Godiya ga aikace-aikacen hanyar da ke nuna bambanci, nau'in nau'i na uku na intestine zai nuna fili ba kawai ganuwar kwayar ba, amma har ma cibiyar sadarwa na jini, ginshiƙan lissafi da kuma yanayin ƙwayoyin mucous.
Daidaitaccen lissafi na kirji
Wannan yanki na bincike yana samar da kwakwalwa na kwakwalwa ta jiki, zuciya, esophagus, aorta, mammary gland da taushi mai laushi. Kwamfuta ta hanyar rubutu na huhu da bronchi da aka bada shawarar don gano irin wannan cututtuka:
- na kwayan cuta ko kamuwa da kwayoyi;
- oncological tumo;
- anerysm;
- embolism;
- tarin fuka;
- ciwon huhu ;
- abubuwan ci gaba;
- canje-canjen post-traumatic;
- matakai;
- ci;
- kullun;
- sarcoidosis;
- parasitic cysts;
- wani ƙura.
Sauran cututtukan da ke taimakawa wajen gane asali thorax tygraphy:
- cututtukan zuciya da manyan jini;
- neoplasm a cikin mammary gland;
- mediastinitis;
- hiatal hernia;
- inna na diaphragm;
- gastroesophageal reflux;
- abubuwanda ke ci gaba da aikin watsa labaru;
- lymphogranulomatosis da sauransu.
Ƙididdigar lissafi ta kwakwalwa
Binciken kwayoyin halitta na tsakiya na tsakiya sunyi amfani da shi akan tushen kowane canje-canje a cikin aiki. Kafin aikin, likita ya kamata ya bayyana abin da CT scan na kwakwalwa - jerin hotunan X-ray daga kusurwa daban, yana ba ka damar samun hotuna masu kyau (slices) don gina cikakken samfurin 3D.
Magani yana taimakawa wajen tantance cututtuka da raunin jiki, don tantance yawan wurare dabam-dabam a cikin lalata, don saka idanu game da tsarin kulawa. Kwamfuta ta hanyar kirkiro kwakwalwa yana nuna wadannan hakki:
- shanyewa;
- muni da m ciwace-ciwacen ƙwayoyi;
- hematomas;
- raunin da ya faru;
- wani ƙunci;
- m pathology na jini wurare dabam dabam;
- encephalitis;
- meningitis;
- Ƙasashen waje a cikin kayan laushi;
- cysts;
- al'ada ko samun ci gaba da ci gaba;
- Daida;
- fractures a cikin tushen da kwanyar;
- wani karuwa a kwandon kwakwalwa;
- hydrocephalus;
- cin hanci da rashawa;
- rikice-rikice na hare-haren ƙwaƙwalwa ko ƙwaƙwalwa;
- cuta daga cikin jinsin da sauransu.
Kwamfuta ta ba da hakora
Ana buƙatar wannan binciken don cututtuka na hakori mai tsanani ko kuma don buƙatar ƙwayar cuta a ƙarƙashin sarrafawar X-ray. Kwamfuta komfuta akan yatsan ya taimaka wajen gano:
- neoplasms;
- cysts;
- kumburi na kyallen takalmin kewaye;
- canje-canje a cikin tsarin periodontal da lokaci;
- gaban mahaukacin haɗari hakora hakora;
- haihuwa;
- raunin da ya jawo;
- canje-canje a jikin mucous membranes;
- pathology na ɓangaren litattafan almara;
- cututtuka na tushen canal;
- ƙwayar cuta a cikin hanyar sadarwa na kananan jiragen ruwa;
- anomalies na frontal da hanci sinuses.
Ƙididdigar lissafi ta kashin baya
An sanya manipulation a bayyane don bayyana bayyanar asali tare da ciwo mai tsanani a baya kuma ya rage motsi. Abin da ke nuna CT na kashin baya:
- fractures;
- osteoporosis;
- lalata;
- osteochondrosis;
- hernia;
- canji a cikin lumen na canal spinal;
- hallaka lalata;
- abscesses;
- compression na jijiya Tushen na kashin baya;
- arthritis na intervertebral gidajen abinci;
- ciwan daji;
- matakai daga yankunan makwabta;
- ciwon jini;
- spondylosis;
- fashe a cikin shagon;
- scoliosis;
- rheumatic cututtuka;
- stenosis;
- ƙonewa;
- rashin zaman lafiya na vertebrae;
- kariya;
- Squeezing na jini.
Kwamfuta ta ba da labari game da zunubin hanci
Hanyar da aka yi la'akari da ita yana ba da cikakkiyar nazari akan dukkanin sassan respiratory na sama:
- maxillary sinuses;
- frontal sinuses;
- labyrinth latticed;
- cavities mai nau'i-nau'i.
Kwamfuta ta hanyar kwaikwayo na hanci ya nuna:
- etmoiditis;
- sinusitis;
- sinusitis;
- frontitis;
- sphenoiditis;
- ciwacen ƙwayoyi na mucous membranes na kowane quality;
- matakan kumburi;
- polyps;
- adenoids;
- deformities, fractures da sauran kashi rauni;
- abubuwan waje;
- Abubuwan da ke faruwa a cikin tsari.