Gherkins da ƙwayoyi masu kyau da yawa suna da jerin abubuwan da suka dace, sune sananne ne saboda tsarin da suke da kyau da kuma kyakkyawan halaye na salting. Don karewa na gida, kayan lambu na wani nau'i da iri iri da aka saya akan kasuwa su dace, amma ba zasu taɓa kwatankwacin ɗanyun 'ya'yan itatuwa da suke girma a kan kansu ba.
Cucumbers gherkins - iri
Na farko, bari mu dubi bambancin tsakanin magunguna masu kyan gani daga sauran nau'in. Kalmar nan "cornichon" an fassara shi sosai kuma yana nufin "kokwamba". Wannan sunan mai suna ya ƙirƙira shi ne daga Faransanci, ya samo tushe kuma ya fara zama kyakkyawa a wasu ƙasashe. Za a iya samun gherkins na gwargwadon tsirrai don bude ƙasa ta hanyar cirewa daga ƙananan yara matasa masu zeltsy har zuwa 9 cm tsawo. Ƙananan gherkins da girman 3 cm zuwa 5 cm an kira pickles.
Manoman masu amfani da kayan lambu da masana masana'antu sun tabbatar cewa yana da kyau a saya kayan lambu na musamman don amfanin gonar cucumbers, wanda aka haɓaka da ingantaccen halaye. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari ne masu crunchy, ba su samar da wani ɓoye a lokacin da cikakke. Lokacin da gherkins ba su girma zuwa girma masu girma ba, ana sanya su a hankali a cikin gwangwani ko amfani dashi don aiki a kan salads.
Mafi mashahuri cucumbers ne gherkins:
- A Paris gherkin,
- Kamfanin farin ciki,
- Moth F1,
- Marinated F1,
- Moravian cornichon,
- Yara,
- Philipp F1,
- Sweet crunch,
- Dan jaridar F1,
- Babbar mawallafi mai daraja F1,
- Brownie F1.
An bada shawarar cewa a maimakon tsohuwar iri za'a saya hybrids na kokwamba gherkins, wanda ya haifar da 'ya'yan itace, dace da girbi a farkon mataki. Wadannan irin tsire-tsire iri iri ne na mace, suna samar da ganye. Abuninsu guda ɗaya ko kwana biyu sun kai tsawon har zuwa 4 cm kuma an yi amfani dasu daidai don aiki. Ba nau'in "pencils" maras kyau ba, amma m ingancin cucumbers.
Kokwamba Moravian cornichon
Da jerin sunayen mafi kyaun gherkins na cucumbers, za mu iya rarrabe masanin masarautar Moravian F1, wanda ke da kyakkyawan halaye. Girma da wannan matasan, zaka sami karbar samfurin nau'in 'ya'yan itatuwa iri iri ba tare da haushi nauyin 68-94 g ba, don magance cututtuka masu girma. Girman amfanin gona ya kai 8 kg / m 2 , tsawon lokacin tsire-tsire yana da kwanaki 45. Ana shuka tsaba da yawa na dasa har zuwa 5 sprouts ta 1 m 2 .
Daban-daban na cucumbers Paris cornichon
Ba za ka iya manta da shahararrun marubuta ba, masarautar Paris, wani bayanin irin nau'in Faransawa zai yi roƙo ga mafi yawan lambu da suke so su karbi kayan lambu mai noma akan shafin a kowace shekara. Harshen greentail shi ne fusiform, yana kimanin 57-78 g, maturation yana da kimanin kwanaki 45. A kan 'ya'yan itatuwa masu tsauri tare da manyan tubercles akwai halayen duhu fuzz, lokacin da suke girma cikin dandano babu wani haushi.
Cucumbers gherkins - dasa
Yanda aka dasa bishiyoyi na gherkins a cikin ƙasa ana aiwatar da su ne ta hanya ko kuma seedlings, a kan wannan dalili da shuka shuka lokaci yana canzawa sosai bisa ga yankin climatic na wani yanki. Lokacin daskarewa, kana buƙatar ka rufe ƙasa tare da fim ko wasu kayan. A cikin ƙasa na bude cucumbers suna shuka lokacin da daddare yanayin zafi na 15 °. Tsaba an rufe su zuwa zurfin 3 cm, an kafa seedbed bisa ga makirci na 50x30 cm.
Cucumbers gherkins - dasa lokaci
A tsakiyar ɓangare na Rasha, gherkins don aikin lambu don girma a cikin polycarbonate greenhouses ba tare da dumama za a iya amince da sown a farkon May, a kan gadaje karkashin tsari na fim - daga May 15, a cikin ƙasa bude - a cikin shekaru goma na ƙarshe na May. A kudancin Rasha da Ukraine, an canja kwanakin watan Afrilu da farkon watan Mayu. Don farawa, masu shuka masu kayan lambu suyi jagorancin yanayi da kuma kalandar shuka ga yankinsu.
Yadda za a dasa kokwamba gherkins?
Shirye-shiryen tsaba waɗanda aka bi da su tare da tarawa da sarrafawa a matakan da suka dace suna dacewa da aikin, disinfection na kayan da aka shigo da shi an yi shi kafin aiki. Ya kamata a bincikar da tsaba da kyau, a lalata lalacewa ko tsaba. An dasa itatuwan gullkins bisa ga ka'idodin, wadanda suke da iri ɗaya ga yawancin iri, babu wata fasaha ta musamman a nan.
Yadda za a dasa kokwamba gherkins:
- Gherkins don dasawa da kulawa da seedlings ana shuka su a cikin kwantena masu auna kimanin 10x10 cm tare da ramukan tsawa.
- Dole ne a cika ciyawa da 3/4 na kasar gona.
- Ana amfani da kayan da ake ginawa na kayan lambu don kayan lambu da aka yi amfani dashi da haske.
- Mafi kyawun ƙasa acidity ga cucumbers - pH 6.5-7.0.
- Zai zama abin da zai dace don ƙara juyawa mai taki ko takin gauraya.
- Tsaba ana binne a cikin ƙasa don 2-3 cm.
- Gherkins germinate a zafin jiki na 21-35 ° C.
- Don ci gaba mai kyau, yawan zazzabi yana da 21-26 ° C.
- Seedlings kafin dasa dole ne tempered.
- A kan gado, da nisa tsakanin bishiyoyi an kiyasta shi 2.4 m, saboda tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire za su yiwu su bar 2.1 m.
- Mafi girbi na kokwamba gherkin ya ba a kan trellis.
Yadda za a yi girma kokwamba gherkins?
Girman gherkins a cikin ƙasa bude hanyoyin ƙwarewa baya buƙatar. Babban abu a cikin wannan yanayin shine watering dacewa, yaduwa da gadaje, tsaftace ƙasa, shuke-shuke da takin gargajiya da girbi na 'ya'yan itatuwa kullum. Yana da kyawawa don sanya rassan a cikin wuri mai dumi da haske, amma yin bushewa a ƙasa yana haifar da asarar girbi. A yanayi mai zafi, masu koyawa masu amfani da lambu suna amfani da shinge na masarar daji, suna samar da inuwa ga bushes, ceton su daga zafin rana.
Gherkins - watering
A farkon lokaci na girma, shrubs cinye abubuwa marasa alama kuma suna buƙatar dan ƙaramin danshi. Ruwa a cikin wannan lokacin yana samar da tsawon lokaci 3-5, yana maida hankalin yanayin yanayi. Bukatar tsire-tsire a cikin danshi yana ƙaruwa sosai da farkon 'ya'yan itace. A cikin zafi, ana yin ruwa kullum don tabbatar da ci gaban al'ada na bushes. Don kokwamba gherkins ƙasa halaye taka muhimmiyar rawa. A cikin ƙasa mai haske, tare da yanayin zafi mai tsanani, sau da yawa wajibi ne a yi amfani da kayan lambu sau biyu a rana, in ba haka ba alamarsu ta sauko sosai.
Gherkins - karin kayan shafa
Noma na cucumbers na gherkins an yi tare da taimakon kwayoyin ko ma'adinai da takin mai magani. Akwai makircinsu masu yawa don gabatarwa da abubuwa masu amfani, don haka zaka iya samun saurin dacewa, yana maida hankalin su. Tare da mai kyau ƙasa, cucumbers suna da 4 high-quality dressings:
- 1 ciyar da gherkins an yi makonni 2 bayan dasa. An samar da shi ta hanyar slurry a cikin rabo daga 1: 6 ko jiko na mown ciyawa 1: 5. Organics za a iya maye gurbinsu tare da bayani na 1 tablespoon na urea da 60 g na superphosphate a cikin guga na ruwa.
- An yi nasiha biyu a gaban flowering. An gabatar da abinci a cikin nau'in tsire-tsire na mown (1: 5), an maye gurbin abubuwa masu ma'adinai tare da bayani mai mahimmanci na ash (gilashin 1 da lita 10). Mai kyau taimako foliar ciyar da boric acid (1 tsp / 1 lita na ruwa) ko superphosphate (35 g / 10 lita).
- An yi nishadi uku a lokacin girka na cucumbers. Amfani da jinsin kwana biyu na mown ciyawa (1: 5) ko bayani na urea (50 g / 10 lita). Urea ya dace da foliar ciyar da bushes, a cikin wannan yanayin an bred a cikin rabo of 12 g da guga na ruwa.
- Ana yin furanni 4 bayan makonni 2, yana taimakawa a kasa mara kyau don kara yawan lokuttukan 'ya'yan itace. An yi amfani da shi don zabi na jiko na ganye (1: 5), wani bayani na ash (gilashin 1 da lita 10) ko aikace-aikace na folia na urea (15 g / 10 lita). Ash yana da hanyar aminci, wanda aka ba da shawarar yin dukan tsawon lokacin girbi kowane kwanaki 10.
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Growing gherkins - cututtuka da kwari
A cikin tambayar yadda za a shuka kokwamba gherkins, dole mutum kada ya manta da yaki da cututtukan cututtuka da kwari, tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire suna ba da albarkatun ƙananan ƙwayoyi ko da sauri. Daga cikin cututtuka ya kamata a kasaftawa peronosporoz, flares wanda aka kullum lura a Yuli bayan nauyi hazo. Rashin naman gwari yana taimakawa wajen shayar da bishiyoyi tare da miyagun ƙwayoyi "Champion" ko "Aliett".
Bacteriosis yana haifar da ramukan ramuka a cikin launi, canzawa a cikin launi na bushes, mutuwar taro mai duhu. Daga gare ta kawar da jiyya tare da jan karfe masu dauke da jan ƙarfe ko masu fukaci "Champion", "Kuproksat", "Kurzat". Daga kwari, mafi cutarwa ga kokwamba gherkins ne sprouts, thrips, aphids da alfalfa yiwuwa ace kwaro. Suna lalata harbe, matasa harbe, mai tushe, shayar da ruwan 'ya'yan itace. Don gwagwarmaya ya shafi tasirin kwari na irin "Actellik" , "Decis" ko "Talstar".