Magancin barci, ko kuma trypanosomias na Afirka, cutar ne na mutane da dabbobin da ke cikin Afirka. Kowace shekara an gano wannan alamun a akalla mutane 25.
Yankin, siffofi da masu tasowa na rashin lafiyar mutum
Sukan barci ne na kowa a ƙasashen Afirka, wanda ke kudu maso Sahara. A cikin wadannan yankunan suna fama da kwari na jini, wanda ke dauke da wannan cuta. Akwai nau'o'in nau'o'in wannan cuta da ke shafar mutane. Wadannan kwayoyin unicellular ne na jinsin Trypanosomes:
- Trupanosoma gambiense shine wakili na Gambian (Yammacin Afirka) irin wannan cuta, wanda yake da ita a kasashen yammacin da tsakiyar Afirka kusa da ruwa;
- Trypanosoma rhodesiense - magunguna na Rhodesian (Gabashin Gabashin Afrika) irin wannan cututtuka, wanda ke da yawa a Gabas ta Tsakiya a Afirka, a cikin savannahs.
Dukkanin pathogens suna daukar kwayar cutar ta hanyar ciwo da cutar kwari. Suna kai hari kan mutum a rana, yayin da babu kariya akan wadannan kwari.
A lokacin ciji, tsirse kwari trypanosomes shigar da jinin mutum. Da sauri a ninka, an ɗauke su a cikin jiki. Bambancin wadannan kwayoyin cutar ita ce cewa kowannen sababbin ƙarninsu suna samar da furotin na musamman, daban-daban daga baya. A wannan bangaren, jikin mutum ba shi da lokaci don bunkasa masu kare lafiyar su.
Cutar cututtuka na rashin barci
Sakamakon irin nau'i biyu na cututtuka sun kama kama, amma Gabashin Gabashin Afirka a mafi yawancin lokuta ya fi ƙarfin kuma ba tare da samun farfadowa ba zai iya kawo karshen a cikin wani ɗan gajeren lokaci. Hanya na Gabas ta Tsakiya yana ci gaba da cigaba da ci gaba kuma zai iya wuce shekaru ba tare da magani ba.
Akwai matakai biyu na barci mai barci, yana da wasu alamomi:
1. Mataki na farko, lokacin da trypanosomes har yanzu cikin jini (1 zuwa 3 makonni bayan kamuwa da cuta):
- bayyanar a shafin yanar gizo na wani ciwo na nodule mai raɗaɗi (a matsayin mai mulkin, a cikin mazauna ba na asali);
- zazzabi;
- ƙara karuwa;
- muscular tremor;
- ciwon kai;
- haɗin gwiwa;
- itching;
- rashin barci .
1. Mataki na biyu, lokacin da trypanosomes sun shiga tsarin duniyar tsakiya (bayan makonni da dama):
- babban ciwon kai;
- zazzabi;
- rashin tausayi;
- raunin gaba daya;
- damuwa mai dadi;
- hadarin motsa jiki;
- shakatawa ;
- coma.
Jiyya na rashin barci
Kafin ƙaddamar da kwayoyi don rashin barci, wannan yanayin ya haifar da mummunan sakamako. Tunda kwanan wata, halayen magani sun fi kyau a baya da aka gano cutar. Sakamakon yanayin ya kamu da cutar, ƙananan lalacewar, juriya na maganin kwayoyin cuta, da shekarun da kuma yanayin lafiyar mai haƙuri. Don maganin rashin barci, akwai manyan magunguna guda hudu:
- Anyi amfani da Pentamidine don bi da tsarin Gambian na trypanosomiasis na Afirka a mataki na farko.
- Suramin - an yi amfani dasu don biyan yanayin Rhodesian na barcin barci a mataki na farko.
- Melarsoprol - amfani da duka nau'i na pathology a karo na biyu mataki.
- Exlornitin - An yi amfani da shi a harshen Gambian na rashin barci a mataki na biyu.
Wadannan kwayoyi sune masu guba, saboda haka suna haifar da mummunan sakamako da rikitarwa. A wannan yanayin, dole ne a lura da lafiyar barci ne kawai ta hanyar kwararrun likitoci a ƙwararru na musamman.
Matakan da za su hana barcin barci:
- Ba da izini zuwa ziyarci wuraren da akwai ciwon haɗari da tsari na tsari.
- Amfani da masu cin mutunci.
- Injection intramuscular na pentamidine kowane watanni shida.