Duk wani al'adun lambun yana buƙatar mutum ya isa don samun girbi mai kyau. Ko da mutane da suka san yadda za su shuka taba zasu iya yin kuskure a lokacin zabar wani wuri a kan shafin ko kuma tsawon noma, wanda zai haifar da ingancin albarkatu.
Wani irin taba don yayi girma?
Wannan shuka zai iya kasancewa ko dai a cikin shekara ko shekara-shekara. Yana da iyalin Solanaceae kuma an horar da shi don samar da kayan ƙanshi mai ƙanshi - ganye da aka bushe da ƙasa don amfani da su don cika cigaban da kuma bututu. Kafin dasa shuki ya zama wajibi ne don yin zabi, wace irin taba ne mafi kyau ga girma, yana tafiya daga siffofinsa:
- Taka ne mai tsada. Magunin makhorka na yau da kullum, kamar yadda aka kira shi, yayi girma zuwa 120 cm kuma ya ƙunshi sau biyu nicotine fiye da nau'in budurwa. Furen launin rawaya sunyi amfani da wani gajeren bututun gashi da kuma lobes. A tsakiyar tsaka da kudancin, makhorka ya girma tun daga karni na 19, daga farkon kwanakin dumi har zuwa marigayi kaka. Irin wannan irin - Ostrolist 316, Samsun 85, Turkiyya, Durman.
- Budurwa budurwa ce. An kuma kira shi "hakikanin taba" (Nicotiana tabacum) don cewa dandano yana da karfi. Abu mafi muhimmanci wanda ke nuna irin yadda ake shuka irin taba akan wannan rukunin ana dauke shi halayen thermophilic ne. Harbe zai ba kawai a yankuna da zafi ko zafi. Wannan rukunin ya ƙunshi "Jubilee New 142", "Trapezond 92", "Trapezond Kubanets" da "Pehlets".
Shuka taba
Ɗaya daga cikin dari na hectare na ƙasar zai iya tattarawa zuwa 40 kilogiram na kayan kayan taba, wanda aka ba da cewa smoker yawanci yana cin nama ne kawai 8 kg a kowace shekara. Ana shuka taba da kula da shi, bisa ga irin dasa. An tabbatar da ita cewa a lokacin da aka dasa ta kai tsaye a ƙasa, wannan tsire-tsire yana ƙuntatawa a girma kuma yana haifar da yawan amfanin ƙasa. Saboda haka, an dasa taba ta hanyar shuka kamar haka:
- Ana shuka taba ga seedlings a farkon-tsakiyar Fabrairu a gida. Kafin wannan, ana saran tsaba a cikin ruwa na rana, wanda zaka iya ƙara dan kadan potassium wanda zai iya kwantar da iri.
- Ana wanke tsaba sau 2-3 kuma aka bushe.
- An ƙin ƙasa sosai, tun da zai yiwu a shuka taba kawai a cikin ƙasa mai cikakken oxygen.
- A cikin akwati ko gwangwani mai tsayi 4-5 cm na ƙasa ana zuba, amma zurfin nutsewa na tsaba kada ya wuce 0.5 cm.
- Bayan dasa shuki da tsaba, an yayyafa su da ƙasa da yalwace shayarwa. Akwatin ta rufe shi da fim: harbe a ƙarƙashin shi zai kasance a bayyane na kwanaki 6-10, dangane da yawan zafin jiki na cikin iska.
- Kamar yadda ya cancanta, ana zuba ƙasa don haka ya kai ganyayyakin cotyledon, in ba haka ba sun fara mutuwa.
Shirye-shiryen dasa shuki
A cikin bukatun kowane trucker - madaidaicin jeri na layuka don sauki watering, loosening ko transplanting idan ya cancanta. Yin amfani da taba a cikin bude filin a kan shafin ya kamata a gyara domin duk abubuwan da ke sama. Akwai hanyoyi guda biyu don shirya gadaje:
- An dakatar. Matsayi tare da iyakanceccen girma za a iya dasa shi a greenhouses a cikin akwatunan kwano tare da ramukan tsawa a kasa. Wannan zaɓi ya dace da girma a cikin sanyi, idan kuna shirin girbi sau biyu a shekara.
- A kwance. Matsayi na al'ada a cikin ƙasa ya kamata ba ta da siffar madauri, domin dasa shuki a cikin flowerbeds ba shi da amfani wajen amfani da yankin. Za'a iya raba rassan madaidaiciya ta hanyar grooves don sauƙaƙe watering.
Distance na dasa shuki
Tsarin rarrabawar sprouts bayan girma yana zaba dangane da abin da yake da shi. Kafin yin girma seedlings, kana buƙatar zaɓar nesa tsakanin karamar, saboda an shirya su a gaba. A lokacin kaka ana tsabtace su da kyau kuma sun hadu tare da kwayoyin additives da potassium da magnesium. A cikin rassan ruwa an sanya su cikin ƙasa a cikin nau'i biyu:
- 70x100 cm Wannan nisa tsakanin amfanin gona yana dauke da mafi kyawun gaske ga nau'in budurwa da ke nuna karuwar girma. Suna da tushen tsarin tushen karfi, wanda zai iya yaduwa, wanda za'a iya hana shi ta hanyar fadada nesa tsakanin layuka.
- 50x30 cm Tuber iri ne deterministic, don haka su m tushen tsarin isa 50 cm tsakanin layuka da 30 cm tsakanin shuke-shuke.
Lokaci na dasa shuki mai ƙanshi
Ya kamata a canja shuka a cikin ƙasa mai bude idan akwai wasu gangami na ainihi 3-4 a kan kara. Yawanci, shekarun shuka a wannan lokaci shine kwanaki 40-45. Za a iya samun ƙwayar taba taba ta hanyar canja wurin sprouts zuwa kasar gona a cikin shekaru 30, kamar yadda aka yi a wasu yankuna na Amurka. An kiyasta lokacin dasa shuki taba la'akari da yankin ci gaba:
- A kudanci, farkon lokacin bazara yana baka damar yin dashi a farkon watan Maris 2-3. Pre-fuser shuka ba wajibi ne ba.
- A tsakiyar rukuni, an dasa taba a kan bishiyoyi daga bisani kuma an sake shi zuwa ƙasa a ƙarshen May - farkon Afrilu.
- A wurare masu sanyi, taba iya kara girma a cikin tsire-tsire mai tsanani, ta soke ɗaurin lokacin sassauki zuwa wani kwanan wata saboda yanayin daidaitawa.
Yanayi don girma taba
Sanin makirci na dasa shuki da kula da seedlings bai isa ya sami cikakken girbi ba. Ana samun tasirin mafi girma a kan labarun ganye ta hanyar tsarin ci gaban ta hanyar cire ƙwayoyin cuta da cututtuka, da cire kayan furanni na lokaci. Komai yayinda mutum zai so shan taba taba a cikin yankunan da ke kewayen birni da ƙananan matsala, akwai yanayin da ba za'a iya kiba ba:
- Humidity. Idan ban ruwa bai isa ba saboda lokacin rani mai rani, masu haɓaka ko mabulizers an shigar su a gonar. Masu shuka shuke-shuke, masu amincewa da irin yadda za su shuka taba, suna ciyar da kuɗi mai yawa a kan shigar da irin wadannan na'urori, yayin da manoma marasa fahimta ba su iya tunanin yadda mai tsafta yana da muhimmanci ga juyily da ƙanshi na ganye.
- Girma matsala. Stephens da buds ya kamata a cire, don haka duk masu juyayi zasu cigaba da girma. Taba fara farawa daga tushe na shuka, don haka zai iya tsira har zuwa biyar na ganye. Idan wasu sun lalace, an cire su a lokacin girbi.
Yanayin zafin girma na taba
A kowane mataki na shuka maturation, yana buƙatar wani tsarin mulki. A cikin ƙasa mai mahimmanci yana da wuya a tsara daga waje - alal misali, a lokacin noma kauyen kauye (makhorka) a tsakiyar hanya. Saboda haka lambu suna kokarin daidaitawa da yanayin zazzabi na yanayin da suke ɗauka cewa:
- Dole ne a rushe kafu bayan dasawa a 20-22 ° C;
- ci gaban manyan ganye zai fara a 25-28 ° C;
- Tsarin ya ƙare lokacin da yawan zafin jiki ya sauko zuwa 15-18 ° C.
Shuka taba a kasar - ƙasa
A Cuban da Amurka, ba a taɓa kula da ƙasa don dasa shuki seedlings ba tare da tractors ba, saboda su ma sun fi dacewa da ƙasa. Inda aka bunkasa taba, taki, watering da tarin ne kawai ta hannu don wannan dalili. A dacha zaka iya maimaita wannan yanayin ta hanyar samar da layuka masu faɗi don kada su tattake ƙasa a kusa da tsire-tsire yayin motsi a kusa da gonar. Kulawa na ƙasa yana ba da izini don biyan waɗannan dokoki:
- Yi amfani dashi azaman humus a cikin shekarar da ta gabata na taba taba da tushen da aka bar bayan girbi.
- Sarrafa kan matakin chlorine a cikin ƙasa. Hanyoyin sa ya zama sananne ta hanyar leaf lethargy akan harbe ko da yaushe suna cikin inuwa. Zaka iya rabu da shi ta ƙara yashi zuwa saman launi na kasar gona sannan kuma ya sassauta.
- Ganin zurfin noma. Ƙasa don dasa shuki ya kamata zauna a kalla 20-25 cm.
Kula da taba
Lokacin da seedling ya kai a tsawo na 25 cm, yana fara bukatar inuwa don ba leaf wani dandano mai karfi da kuma dandano mai da hankali. Bayan ya sauka a ƙasa, kulawa da ƙananan cigaba ya canza: yana buƙatar gina wani rumfa ko tsari a kan gada don yin inuwa a cikin kwanaki mafi zafi. Don tabbatar da shi, dole ne mu kiyaye wasu sharuɗɗa:
- A gefen gado ya kamata a yi digiri 4 nau'i na isasshen kauri don tsayayya da nauyin rumfar da aka yi ta bakin ciki ko fim.
- Dole ne a nutse su zuwa zurfin mita 5-7, don haka ba dole ba ne ka yi tunani game da yadda za a shuka taba a karkashin wani katako na kwanciya.
- Ƙarfafa "kafafu" na iya zama bugu da kari tare da taimakon duwatsu ko tsakuwa, a zuba cikin rami don shigarwa.
- A kan takalma, bayan kammala wadannan manipulations, wani zane ko zane-zane yana fadada girman girman tudu.
Shuka taba a gonar - watering
Ya bambanta da gaskiyar cewa wannan al'ada yana son ingancin ban ruwa a fannin germination, yana so ya yi girma a cikin m amma ba marshy kasa. Babban muhimmancin shine hanya na ban ruwa. Jet na ruwa da aka tsara a karkashin asalinsu, yana batar da su kuma yana kaiwa ga cutar tare da naman gwari. A cikin dukan littattafan da suka ambaci yadda za a shuka taba don shan taba a gonar, an nuna cewa dole ne a shayar da shi da ruwa. Ana yin yayyafawa ta hanyar karamin dudu daga gwanin raguwa don a iya samun ruwa don karawa da ganye.
Kula da kayan ƙwayar taba - saman miya
Tushen shuka yana da ƙarfi da cewa suna buƙatar safiyar haɗari, don haka duk kokarin da aka yi don inganta hanzarta ci gaban ganye da kuma kara yankin su. Noma da dasa shuki na taba suna tare da watering tare da karin dressings:
- phosphorus;
- ammonium nitrate ;
- tsuntsu;
- sulphate ko potassium chloride.
Girman taba a kasar - cututtuka da kwari
Bugu da ƙari, ganyaye na yau da kullum don amfanin gonar gargajiya, akwai wasu haɗari ga ƙwaya da ganye. Fahimtar yadda za a shuka taba taba ko taba a gida, yana da muhimmanci a iya kare shi daga cututtuka da sauran cututtuka da suka shafi. Daga cikin su, mafi cutarwa shine:
- Black tushen rot. Yana rinjayar matasa shuke-shuke, saboda abin da harbe ya bushe da fade, kuma a kan tushen da ya bayyana launin fata-launin ruwan kasa spots.
- Bronze tumatir. Haka kuma cututtukan tumatir na rinjayar taba: a kan tushe ya bayyana zobba da arcs - alamun jinkirin nama mutuwa.
- Dry tushen rot. Kowane lambu ya fahimci yadda yake da wahala wajen shuka taba idan tushen sa ya bushe. Dry rot ya rusa su, ya rushe tasirin ruwa da kayan abinci.
- Black kafa. Haka kuma cututtuka ta ci gaba da zama, kuma ta zama mai banƙyama. Tushen shuka ya zama baƙar fata kamar yadda microorganism ke tsiro a ƙarƙashin sunan Rhizoctonia Solani Kuehn.