Dukan abubuwa masu rai a duniya suna hulɗa da junansu a cikin digiri daban-daban. Wasu suna taimakon juna, wasu suna rayuwa ne a kan wasu, kuma wasu sun fi so su zama kadai. Daya daga cikin hanyoyi na alamomi shine alamomi, wanda za'a iya lura da shi a sassa daban-daban na rayuwa.
Symbiosis - mece ce?
Abun hulɗar zumunci na kwayoyin halittu, wanda duka abokan tarayya ko ɗaya daga cikin ɗayan suna da alamomin symbiosis. Irin wannan dangantaka zai iya daukar nau'i-nau'i da dama, wanda ya danganci dabi'arsu, mai amfani ko cutar. Sau da yawa irin wannan kalmar amfani da ilmin halitta, yana kwatanta labaran kwayoyin, shuke-shuke da dabbobi. Wani alamomi shine dangantaka tsakanin mutane , al'adu da sauran wurare.
Symbiosis a cikin ilimin halin mutum
Matsayin da ya shafi tunanin mutum wanda aka sani da wani mutum wanda ake kira symbiosis. A cikin irin wannan ƙaƙa, duk masu halartar suna dogara da juna. Ya kamata a lura cewa yana tasowa kuma an kafa shi tsakanin mutane sauƙi, amma ba haka ba ne mai sauki don kammala shi. Akwai wani bambancin ma'anar wannan kalma, don haka alamomi a cikin ilimin halayyar mutum shine halayyar motsa jiki, haɗakarwa da haɗin kai a tsakanin mace da jariri, wanda ya zama cikakkiyar ci gaba don bunkasa fahimtarsa da mutuntaka.
Cutar cututtuka
Don fahimtar gaskiyar da za ta iya ƙayyade dangantakar zumunci, sai ya fi dacewa don la'akari da dangantaka tsakanin namiji da mace . Abubuwan halayya sun haɗa da sha'awar mutum don kasancewa kusa da abokin tarayya, wanda aka bayyana a cikin cikakken iko. Abubuwan da suka shafi ilimin kimiyya na nufin cewa namiji ko mace ya rasa asalinsa, domin suna neman rayuwa ta wani mutum.
Mene ne mabambanci tsakanin symbiosis da kuma yanayin jiki?
Gabatarwar ra'ayoyin suna da siffofi na kowa da rarrabe. Bari mu fara tare da gaskiyar cewa alamu da daidaituwa sun haɗa kai, don haka a cikin waɗannan lokuta kwayoyin daban-daban zasu iya zama tare. Amma ga bambance-bambance, hulɗar alamar tana hulɗar hulɗar juna tare da juna don kowacce mahalarta, amma tare da kwayar halitta daya kwayoyin ke rayuwa ne a kan kuɗin ɗayan, yana kawo masa rashin jin daɗi. Yana yiwuwa a kira har yanzu irin waɗannan alamun - nahlebnichestvo. Irin wannan ƙa'idar za a iya amfani da su ga mutane, alal misali, lokacin da mutum ɗaya ya tsira kuma yana tasowa saboda cancanta da aikin wani.
Nau'o'in symbiosis
Akwai siffofin da yawa irin wannan hulɗar kuma za mu fara tare da daidaituwa mafi yawan jama'a.
- Mutualism wata dangantaka ce ta kowa, wanda ke da amfani ga kowane ɗan takara. A wannan yanayin, kasancewa abokin tarayya shine wajibi don wanzuwar wasu.
- Commensalism . Gano ma'anar alamomi, yana da kyau a nuna wani nau'i na irin wannan dangantaka: haɓakawa, wanda shine nau'in hulɗar da wani gefen ya amfana daga dangantakar, kuma na biyu yana cikin matsayi na tsaka. Mene ne fasalin da aka ambata.
- Masochism . Akwai wasu nau'o'in alamomi guda biyu, saboda haka ana kira da farko masochism, wato, biyayya. A wannan yanayin, masochistic mutum ya zama wani ɓangare na wani mutum. Irin wannan ruhaniya na ruhaniya yana nufin cewa masochism ba ya yanke shawarar kowane lokaci. Mafi yawan siffofin masochistic manifestations ne ji na rashin ƙarfi da rashin taimako. Irin tsari shine ake kira bakin ciki kuma a wannan yanayin mutum daya yana neman ya juya ɗayan a cikin wani ɓangare na kansa.
Symbiosis a rayuwar mutane
Misalin hulɗar da ake gabatarwa ba za a iya gano ba kawai tsakanin mutane ba, har ma a wasu yankuna. An yi amfani da symbiosis a dangantaka a cikin bangarori daban-daban na rayuwa, alal misali, a kimiyya, al'adu, fasaha da dai sauransu. A cikin ilimin zamantakewa wannan lokaci yana bayanin haɓaka tsakanin ƙungiyoyi daban-daban da suke da sha'awa. Idan muka bayyana abin da alamomi ya fito ne daga ra'ayi na tattalin arziki, to, sai ku kwatanta ƙungiyar tsarin kasuwanci.
Symbiosis na mutum da mace
A cikin dangantakar tsakanin mambobi ne na jima'i, ƙungiyar tarayya ita ce marmarin ɗaya ko duka abokan tarayya don kafa hulɗar motsa jiki da haɗakarwa cikin dangantaka. A cikin kalmomi masu sauƙi, ana iya kiran wannan sha'awar mutum don kasancewa gaba daya kusa da rabin rabi. Akwai wasu lokuta da dama a cikin irin wannan dangantaka:
- A mafi yawan lokuta, irin wannan labarin dangantaka ba zai kai ga kawo karshen ƙarewa ba kuma ya ƙare tare da duk asarar mutum da kuma hali. Mahimmanci, alamomin namiji da jima'i tare da wani yana haifar da mummunar jin kunya da haɗuwa a dangantaka.
- Mutanen da suke da hankali don yin dangantaka da juna, a mafi yawancin lokuta suna da matsala tare da ɗakunansu daban-daban. Kasancewa a cikin dangantaka, wani mai shan magani yana da tsoron tsoron rasa wani abu mai mahimmanci a gaban abokin tarayya, wanda a gaskiya kawai yana kara da dangantaka. Irin wannan zumunci za a iya kiran shi bayyanar dogara, wanda yayi la'akari da duka aboki. Domin dangantaka mai farin ciki tsakanin namiji da mace, yana da muhimmanci a sami wurinka.
- Halin jima'i yana kusan kusan wani dangantaka.
- Idan mutum yayi soyayyar zumunci a tsakanin ma'aurata, to yana da wuya kuma ya fi umarni. Ya yi kokarin, yana so ya sake gyara wanda ya zaɓa domin kansa.
- Symbiosis yana da wuya a kira abokantaka mai ƙauna da ƙauna mai gaskiya, wanda wasu mutane ke neman farko. Ya kamata a ambata cewa irin dangantakar da ke tsakanin bangarori masu kama da juna ta zama mafi mahimmanci ga maza.
Symbiosis na kimiyya da addini
Tambaya a cikin batun da ya danganci hulɗar kimiyya da addini ya wanzu. Akwai misalan misalai a tarihin lokacin da aka yi ƙoƙari don danganta waɗannan ra'ayoyin biyu. Muminai suna amfani da su a cikin halin da babu inda za a bayyana wani abu saboda rashin shaidar kimiyya. Mutanen da ke gudanar da bincike a wannan yanki suna jayayya cewa alamar juna ba zai yiwu ba, domin babu wani abu da ke tsakanin addini da bangaskiya, wannan tsari ne wanda bai yarda da kowane canje-canje ba.
Matsalar ta kunshe ne akan tsarin da ake amfani dasu don amfani da waɗannan wurare, don haka kimiyya tana nufin aiwatar da gwaje-gwaje, gabatar da jigilar abubuwa da abubuwa da yawa har yanzu basu san abin ba. Amma ga addini, a nan, babban abu shine bangaskiya. Ya kamata a lura cewa ba koyaushe ba zai yiwu a raba ilmi game da addini da kimiyya, alal misali, yawancin addinai sukan yi amfani da hikimomi da kwarewa.
Symbiosis na mutum da kwamfuta
Ci gaban fasaha bai tsaya ba kuma yawancin abubuwan ƙirƙirar sun riga sun zama ɓangare na rayuwar mutane. Kowace rana, mutane suna amfani da fasahar kwamfuta daban-daban, suna sauƙaƙe rayuwarsu da inganta halayarsu. Manufar alamomi a cikin irin wannan hulɗar shine quite yarda. A cikin duniyar yau don samun kusan duk wani bayanin da kake buƙatar kunna kwamfutarka kuma ka shiga yanar gizo. A sakamakon haka, hulɗar kwakwalwa da fasaha ta mutum ya ba da zarafin "aikin mu'ujjizai." Jaddada cewa kwatsam kwamfyuta zasu saya sani, a kowace shekara dukkanin halayen.
Cultural symbiosis
Kasashe da yawa suna iya alfahari da al'adunsu na musamman: al'ada, gine-gine, fasaha, addini da dai sauransu. Kowace al'umma tana iya ba da gudummawa ta musamman ga bunkasa duniya. Shekaru da yawa, kasashe sun iya kula da su, amma godiya ga cigaba da ci gaba da alamun al'adu, wanda ya yiwu saboda cewa mutane suna iya tafiya zuwa sassa daban-daban na duniya. Taimaka wa rikice-rikice na halaye na kasa da talabijin da Intanit.
Idan muka yi magana game da ƙasashen farko na USSR, to, bayan faduwar Iron Curtain, abubuwa da dama da abubuwa masu ban mamaki, da kuma al'adun kasashen yammacin sun fara yaduwa da sauri. Wannan ya hada da wanda ba a san shi ba saboda lokuta na 'yan Slavic, misali, ranar soyayya, wanda ya zama sananne. Gano abin da alamun al'adu yake, yana da daraja ya ambaci shahararrun gine-gine na kasa, misali, gidajen cin abinci na Italiyanci, Sinanci, Indiya da sauran kayan abinci suna rarraba. Duk wannan yana magana ne game da haɗaka da al'adun kasashen daban daban.