Mene ne mutum - tunanin masana falsafa da masu tunani na zamani sunyi ƙoƙari su ƙayyade abin da yake a cikin mutumin da yake da haka cewa ana iya bayyana shi a matsayin abin da aka ba shi, kamar yadda aka sani cewa ba'a haifi mutum ba, amma ya zama. Marubucin Rasha mai suna V. Bryusov yayi magana game da halin mutum a matsayin bambanci da kowane mutum a cikin kama da wasu.
Menene hali mutum?
Mene ne mutum - ma'anar wannan batu yana da yawa kuma yana iya kasancewa kamar haka: "hali" - mai ɗaukar nauyin mutum, yana nuna kanta a cikin hulɗa da jama'a da kuma bunkasa sadarwa tare da wasu. Mene ne hali mai cikakke? Don zama irin wannan - ya shafi shiga cikin dangantaka da cika ayyukanku na zamantakewa, girmama mutane da ganin kowane mutum.
Halin hali a cikin ilimin halin mutum
Kalmar "hali" hali ta fito ne daga lat. mutum - wani mask da aka sa ta actor na tsohon Greek gidan wasan kwaikwayo. Ya bayyana cewa mutum wani nau'i ne na "mask" wanda mutum yayi idan ya shiga cikin al'umma. Wannan fassarar ta haifar da kyawawan halaye na al'ada da ke da kyawawan halaye ta hanyar waɗannan ka'idoji:
- Nauyin jiki;
- laya;
- Girka ;
- shahara;
- matsayi.
Mene ne hali a cikin ilimin halin mutum - daban-daban bambancin ilimin kimiyya ya bayyana da kuma ganin "hali" bisa ga ka'idar ka'idar su, amma akan dukan wannan ra'ayi za a iya bayyana shi kamar haka:
- hali - mutumin da yake da nauyin halayen dabi'a, halaye da halaye na musamman gareshi;
- halin mutum - abu mai zaman kansa wanda yake kula da rayuwarsa, yana iya gina ayyukansa kuma yana da cikakken alhakin maganarsa da ayyuka
Halin hali a cikin ilimin halin mutum
Hannun dabi'a a cikin tunanin mutum sun fuskanci matsalolin halayyar mutum da dabi'un da ke tattare da halayyar zuciya, wanda akwai wasu da yawa, da rikice-rikicen masu ilimin kimiyya na daban-daban game da daidaitawar yanayin zamantakewa da halitta a cikin mutumtaka, sabili da haka haɓaka tsarin tsarin mutum yana da dacewa kuma yana haskaka abin da ya riga ya kasance .
Tsarin dabi'a ta K.K. Platonov ya ƙunshi abubuwa 4:
- Biopsychic - ilmantarwa, yanayi, jinsi da shekarun haihuwa.
- Psychological - siffofin mutum na tafiyar da hankali, maganganun motsin zuciyarmu da ji.
- Abun zamantakewa - ƙwarewar hulɗar hulɗa da jama'a, sayen kwarewa da kwarewa na musamman.
- Motsa jiki - jagorancin mutum, wanda ya hada da hangen nesa da duniyar duniya, bangaskiya da ka'idoji, bukatu da matsayi.
Tsarin hali na Freud:
- Id (Ono) - abin da ke tattare da shi, abubuwa masu ilimin halitta wadanda suke aiki a cikin rashin sani (cin abinci, barci, jima'i). Id wani abu ne mai ban sha'awa, rashin karfi mai hankali.
- Asalin (I) ya tsiro daga Eid kuma yana neman ya fahimci burin da ya fito daga gare ta. Hakkin yana da alhakin yin yanke shawara da rikici tsakanin Id da al'ummar da ƙuntatawa ke aiki. Kudin yana dogara ne akan ka'idodin gaskiya kuma yana nema ga fahimtar sha'awar hanyoyi masu sauki.
- An haɓaka superego (Self a sama ) a cikin tsarin zamantakewa - halin kirki da dabi'ar hali ya haɗa da lamiri da haɗin kai. Kwarewa an samo shi a ƙarƙashin rinjayar iyaye, yana azabtar da rashin biyayya, da mahimmancin kuɗi, amma akasin haka - daga amincewa.
Nau'in hali a cikin ilimin halin mutum
Ma'anar halin mutum a cikin ilimin halin mutum an gina shi a kan rarraba wasu siffofi na mutum. Ƙarawa da rarrabewa zuwa iri iri ne kuma, yana da mahimmanci a tuna cewa dukkanin rarrabuwa suna da kwakwalwa kuma suna yin la'akari da ƙimar adadi, saboda haka babu wani tsabta mai tsabta, mutum yana ganin kansa a cikin sharuddan da aka kwatanta a cikin wani abu da ya dace da halayen kansa na kwatanta, a wani hanya m.
Nau'in hali ta yanayin (wanda ya kafa Hippocrates):
- melancholic - yiwuwa ga bakin ciki, tawayar yanayi;
- sanguine - mai sa zuciya mai farin ciki, daidaitacce, aiki da kuma kullum a binciken aikin;
- choleric - nau'i mai tsinkaye "mai zurfi" tare da halayen mai haske, wanda zai iya haifar da fushi da zalunci;
- phlegmatic - daidaitacce, yanayin kwantar da hankula, mai saurin jinkirta, ƙwaƙwalwa, ba zubar da motsin zuciyarmu ba.
Nau'in hali na Holland:
- zamantakewa - da nufin haɗi da jama'a;
- himma - jagoran mutum, wanda ake kira don tasiri, ya jagoranci tawagar;
- Nuna - janyo hankalin hankalin, rinjayar da kullun ji da motsin zuciyarmu;
- masanin kimiyya - masanin kimiyyar, masanin kimiyya game da hanyoyi daban-daban, abubuwa, abubuwan mamaki;
- ra'ayin mazan jiya - likes tsari, tsarin tsarin;
- haƙiƙa - mutum mai fasaha, haɓaka ko aiki tare da kayan abu, fasaha.
Halin hali a cikin ilimin halin mutum
Menene ainihi idan na bayyana shi a cikin kaddarorin? Mahimmancin ilimin halayyar dabi'a sun bayyana dabi'un halayen halayen psyche, wanda zai shafi aikin ɗan adam kuma ya fayyace shi daga bangaren zamantakewar al'umma. Abubuwan mallakar mutum shine:
- daidaituwa - haɗin kai ɗaya, motsin zuciyarmu, sha'awar, ayyuka ga manufar;
- bukatun - abin da mutum yake buƙatar, ya tilasta shi ya yi aiki don cika wadannan bukatu na tsari ko na ruhaniya;
- dalilai - motsawar mutum na ciki don kammala aikin, abun ciki na motsa jiki ya dogara da yanayin halayen.
Hanyar nazarin hali a cikin ilimin halin mutum
Matsalar hali a cikin ilimin halin mutum ya tashi ne daga gaskiyar cewa duk hanyoyi suna nuna nauyin darajar, kuma kowace nazarin yana da nasarorinsa da fursunoni. Halin mutum yana da yawa da kuma ba za'a iya saka shi cikin kowane tsari ba, wanda aka tsara ta hanyoyi daban-daban, gwaje-gwaje da bincike, saboda haka aikin ganowa shine halayen, iyawa, da halaye.
Hanyar hanyoyin bincike:
- Binciken . An halicci yanayi a yanayin rayuwa na ainihi. Field - yana ɗaukar yanayin gwajin a cikin wani aiki na musamman.
- Tambaya (hira) . An tsara - takardun tambayoyi na musamman, marasa tsari bisa ga tambayoyin da aka bude, yana ƙarfafa ƙarin magana game da kansu .
- Ƙara gwaje-gwaje . Nazarin halaye yana dogara ne akan amsoshin tambayoyin game da gwaji ("yes", "a'a", "Ban sani ba").
- Gwaji . Ana amfani da hanyar ta sau da yawa a cikin rukuni kuma yana ci gaba da aiki na musamman, misali, nazarin hali a cikin rikici.
- Hanyar daidaitawa . Gina dangantaka tsakanin masu canji. Hanyar yana taimakawa wajen gane dangantaka da amsa tambayoyin da aka gabatar.
- Tsarin hanyoyi . Abubuwan da suka bambanta: hoto da kuma gwaje-gwaje masu tarayya, hanyar da ba a kare ba.
Menene ci gaban mutum?
Mene ne hali mai karfi - wannan tambayar ya sanya mutane da suka fara hanyar inganta rayuwar mutum da ilmi, wanda ya yanke shawarar cimma burinsu. Harkokin mutum yana farawa tun yana yaro kuma ya dogara ne akan noma da kuma karfafa wasu halaye a cikin mutum, wannan tsari ya danganci ilimi da horo. Halin jinsi yana tasowa gaba ɗaya: jiki, hankali, halin kirki da kuma ruhaniya.
Menene zamantakewa na mutum?
Ilimin halayen mutum yana da nasaba da zamantakewar al'umma, wanda yake wakiltar tsarin tafiyar da juna ta hanyar mutum, ka'idoji, dokoki da dabi'u na al'umma da kuma tasiri na mutum a cikin al'umma ta hanyar canje-canje daban-daban da kuma ci gaban mutum na dabi'u. Mene ne halin zamantakewa na mutum shine lamari wanda ke taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin zamantakewar al'umma, yana nuna haɗinta a cikin wata ƙungiya, ko al'umma - akwai wasu ƙidodi.
Mene ne yanayin halayyar mutum?
Halin tunanin mutum ba zai zama cikakke ba idan kawai ya ci gaba da ci gaba da haɓaka. Don dalilai da yawa, akwai bambanci daga al'ada, wanda likitoci suka dauka a matsayin rashin lafiya ko ilimin lissafi. Wani lokaci al'amuran al'ada da cututtuka sun ɓace. Halin halin mutum yana haifar da rushewar zamantakewa da halakar tsarin mutum.
Mene ne mutum mai rarrabe?
Tashin rarraba ko ƙwarewar mutum - psychopathology, wanda mutane da yawa ke zaune a jikin mutum a lokaci guda. Misali shi ne sanannun Billy Milligan, wanda "mallaki" mutane 24, wadanda biyu suka yi musayar ra'ayi. Mene ne rabuwar jiki - alamar cututtuka:
- kasancewar mutum biyu ko fiye a cikin mutum;
- kowane mutum yana da halaye na kansa, ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, kuma bai sani ba game da gaban ɗayan, wannan ya bayyana rashin nasarar da ke cikin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya yayin "kama" da kuma kula da ɗayan mutane;
- tare da shekaru, adadin mutane yana ƙaruwa.
Menene lalacewar hali?
Hanyoyin iyawa a cikin ilimin kwakwalwa sun haifar da ci gabanta, daidai da siffofin dabi'a da basira. Halin da yake da cikakkiyar hali yana koyaushe ci gaba. Mene ne hali a cikin ɓarna? Jinƙanci shi ne tsarin tsari na rikitarwa na basira, kwarewa, ayyuka, ɓarna da motsin zuciyarmu da ji. Tadawa sannu a hankali, mataki na karshe na lalata shine marasmus . Dalilin:
- shan giya, maganin likita;
- rashin lafiya;
- tsanani craniocerebral rauni;
- gyare-gyaren yanayi na zamani.