Menene ilimin kai-da-kai na mutum - hanyoyi da hanyoyi na ilimi

Menene ilimi kai? Ga mutum, a kowane lokaci, abin da ya samu tare da ƙarfin kansa, fasaha da juriya yana da muhimmanci a kullum. Matsayin da ke tattare da kwarewar mutum a matsayin mutum ya zama muhimmiyar mahimmanci: ya bayyana mutum ga duniya a cikin sauti na musamman da na mutum.

Koyarwar kai - mece ce?

Ilimin kai-kai shi ne burin mutum na da hankali da kuma samun damar yin amfani da shi, ta hanyar yanayi. Don cikakkiyar fahimtar dole ne ka sami zurfin sani game da kanka, kammala kwarewar halayen mutum, ci gaba da ƙwarewar da ake bukata, ƙwarewar tunani . Mene ne ilimin kai - wannan batu ya bincika wannan matsala ta hanyar marubucin, masana falsafa, malamai, masana kimiyya tun zamanin d ¯ a.

Psychology na kai ilimi

Masanan ilimin kimiyya sun ce rayukan mutum shine motsa jiki bayan ci gabanta. Ma'anar ilimin kai-tsaye ya haɗa da abubuwa da dama: kafawar hali, ƙarfin zuciya, ci gaba da layin hali. Erich Fromm - ɗan jaridar psychoanalyst da kuma masanin kimiyya na Jamus na karni na XX, a cikin maganganunsa sunyi magana game da aikin rayuwar mutum - don ba da rai ga kansa, don zama abin da yake da yiwuwar. Babban mahimmanci na kokarin shi ne halin kansa. Makasudin mahimmancin motsa jiki shine halayen ciki don aiki a kan kansu.

Menene ilimi ya bayyana a?

Ilimin kai-tsaye a cikin rayuwar mutumin da ya tsufa - babban burin shine yayi aiki mafi zurfi na mutum akan halinsa kuma ya haɗa da:

Me ya sa kuke bukatar ilimi?

Ilimin kai-kai ga mutum yana da matukar muhimmanci don magance rikice-rikice da kuma rikice-rikicen da ya dace da bukatar mutum ya canza kansu. Cognition ba koyaushe wani tsari mai dadi ba, amma ya wajaba don kyakkyawan dalili. Mutumin da ya fahimci ɓangarorin da ya saba da shi, ya fuskanci rashin tausayi, fushi, fushi - wannan mummunan hali ne, kuma a lokaci guda, warkar da lokacin. Ilimin kai-kai da kuma ingantaccen taimako:

Hanyar kai ilimi

Menene ingantaccen ilimi kai-tsaye da kuma wadanne hanyoyi ne na ilimi? Misali mai mahimmanci: "Age of Life - Age of Learning" yana nuna kyakkyawan tsari na ilmantar da kanka. Mutumin da ya kafa ƙafar wannan tafarki yana ci gaba da inganta "ta hanyar ƙaya zuwa taurari". Hanyoyi da ke taimakawa wajen tsara ayyukan a kan tafarkin kai-tsaye:

  1. Takaddama kai tsaye : yin magana da kai da bin su, ta hanyar tunatarwa ta kullum da kuma biyan cika - wannan zai kai ga samuwar al'ada.
  2. Jin tausayi - haɓaka da jin dadin wasu, "ganin" kanka a wani wuri - yana taimaka wajen bunkasa halayyar kirki. Mutum daga jin dadin tausayi zai iya ganin kansa daga waje, yayin da mutane da ke kewaye da shi suka gane.
  3. Tsarin kai-kai ko haɓaka kai - koyon ilmantar da hankali kuma a hankali an rasa kyawawan halaye.
  4. Kai - azabtarwa - saboda rashin kula da dokoki da wajibai, an ƙaddara wata azãba, wanda aka tsara kafin ɗaukar wajibai.
  5. Kai - zargi - rikitarwa na ciki yana haifar da aiki kan inganta rayuwar mutum.
  6. Kwarewa kan kai ne kan girman kai. Masana sun bayar da shawarar cewa suna karanta laifuffukan su a fili, saboda haka hankalin su yana janyo hankali ga abin da ake bukata don yin aiki.
  7. Tattaunawa kai-kanka (tunani na kanka) - ya hada da kai-da-kai, kiyaye lissafi, rahoton kai.

Yadda za a fara kai kanka ilimi?

Ilimantar da kai da kuma ilimin kai-da-kai na mutumin ya fara tare da yarinya a yayin yayinda iyayenta ke haifa yaron, ta hanyar haɓaka ka'idodi, ka'idojin, a tantance ayyukan yara. An gudanar da wannan tsari ta hanyar kwarewa daga matashi. Mutumin da bai samu damar kulawa ba tare da bayyanawa iyalansa cikin iyalan kansa zai iya bunkasa dukkanin halayen da suke da muhimmanci a gare shi.

Hanyar samun ilimi ta jiki ta fara da kananan matakai:

Matsalar ilimi

Matsalar ilmantar da kai da inganta rayuwar mutum tun zamanin d ¯ a sun kasance "shahararrun tunani" na masu tunani, masu falsafa. Tambayar kai-da-kai ta wuce shekaru daban-daban a kowane lokaci - canzawa bayan ƙwace, amma duk da haka ya ƙunshi gaskiyar har abada. Plato, Socrates, Aristotle - ayyukan farko da zaka iya ganin darasin sanin kai da kuma bayyanar mutum a matsayin mutum a cikin tsarin inganta rayuwar mutum. Jama'a na bukatar masu karfi, masu kyauta wadanda suka bunkasa halaye masu halayyar kirki. Matsalar ta bayyana a gaskiyar cewa mutum zai iya zaɓar dabi'un ƙarya, ƙira kuma bi su.

Mutane masu yawa suna aiki a cikin ilimi

Ilimin kai-kanka na mutane sananne shine kyakkyawan misali na yiwuwar samun nasara ga mummunar hatsari, rashin dacewar yanayi, rashin lafiya. Dukansu: marubuta, masu fasaha, masana falsafa, masu kida, shugabannin masana'antu da kasashe - sun kafa manufar samun nasara, amfani da kuma ta hanyar ilimin kai-da-kai da suka samu nasara.

  1. Demosthenes wani tsohuwar jawabin Girkanci ne. Kullum yana rinjayar maganganun magana mai karfi, murya mai laushi ta yanayi, ƙarfafawa na kafada. Ilimin kai-da-kai ya taimaki Demosthenes ya zama babban mai magana kuma yayi magana a kotu, tasirin siyasa.
  2. Bitrus Maɗaukaki - "sarki tare da masu kira a hannunsa" - mai mulkin Rasha yana son magana da kansa. Ta hanyar misali da kwarewar kansa da kuma haɓaka hali a cikin yanayi mai tsanani, ya kafa misali ga mabiyansa.
  3. A.P. Chekhov , marubutan Rasha, ya sami kansa a cikin yanayi mai wuya bayan halakar danginsa, ya yanke shawarar cewa ya zama dole ya zama "aikin ƙarfe don aiki". Marubucin ya yi imanin cewa "an haife shi a gabansa" da kuma ilmantar da kansa da kuma ci gaba da taimakawa wajen taimakawa Chekhov a cikin kasuwancin rubutu.
  4. Franklin Roosevelt shine shugaban Amurka. Kwanan lokaci na yau tun daga ƙuruciya da kuma sha'awar zurfin ilimi shine wani lokaci na ilimi na ilimi a duk rayuwar.
  5. Albert Einstein masanin kimiyya ne. A cikin yaro ya yi magana da rashin talauci, daga ma'anar malamansa an lura da shi saboda rashin takaici, jinkiri da rashin ikon yin ilmantarwa. Masanin kimiyya ya nuna matuƙar himma da kuma kwarewa a nan gaba. Da 'yanci na tunani, da ci gaba da basira - dukkanin wannan ita ce' ya'yan Einstein na kokarin kai ga samun ilimi.
  6. A.Nevsky, L.N. Tolstoy, L. Beethoven, A Vincent. Gogh, DF Nash, Frida Kahlo, Mohammed Ali, Stevie Wonder, Mithun Chakraborty, Stephen Hawking, Nico Vuychich ne mai nisa daga jerin mutanen da suka shawo kan muhimmancin kasancewa, ajizanci, cututtuka ta hanyar inganta rayuwar mutum da kuma ilimi.

Littattafai game da ilimin kai-tsaye

Menene muhimmancin ilimin kai - wannan za a iya karantawa a cikin rubuce-rubucen mutane masu daraja, rubutunsu na ainihi:

  1. "Ilimi da ilimi" VA. Sukhomlinsky
  2. "Psychology of Education" LM. Zubin
  3. "Ilimin kai da kuma koyar da kai-kai na mutum" Yu.M.Orlov
  4. "Littafin game da iko a kan kansa" E.Robbins
  5. "Dokokin masu cin nasara" B.Shefer
  6. "Ilimi na ilmantar da kai da kuma halin kirki na matasa" N.F. Yakovleva, M.I. Shilov
  7. "Life Without Borders" by Niko Vuychich