A cikin d ¯ a Romawa, waɗannan furanni sun yi ado da lambun lambun patrician, a yau suna so su kara girma da yawa. Mu labarin zai gaya muku game da launuka da ake kira gladioli, dasa da kulawa a cikin ƙasa bude bayan abin da babu wani abu da wuya.
Ta yaya gladiolus yayi kama da?
Gladiolus furanni ne perennial tuberous shuke-shuke na zuwa ga iyalin iris. Tsaransu mai tsawo suna sizo-kore ganye suna kama da takobi mai kaifi, saboda haka yana da wani suna - takobi. An laka ganye a kusa da tsirrai mai tushe, daga abin da fannonin fure-furen launuka masu launuka daban-daban suke girma. A cikin wani inflorescence akwai iya zama har zuwa 25 buds, amma lokaci guda 10-12 furanni suna bayyana.
Bayan da gladiolus ya ɓace, a wurin gilashin 'ya'yan itace da tsaba an kafa. A ƙarƙashin ƙasa, shuka yana da corm. A kowace shekara an sabunta shi. Kwafa na mahaifiyar ya ba da dukkan kayan gina jiki a farkon ci gaba da shuka. A hankali, an kafa sabon corms kuma yayi girma akan shi, inda an kafa kananan ƙwayoyin kananan albasa. Za su zama babban kayan dasa kayan lambu don girbi kayan lambu na gladiolus, dasa shuki da kyau da kuma kulawa a cikin ƙasa mai bayan baya wanda zai kawo 'ya'yan itatuwa masu kyau.
Irin gladioli
Idan kana so ka saya gladioli, dasa shuki da kulawa a cikin ƙasa wanda baya bayanan shine mai sauƙi, to kana buƙatar ka zabi nau'in flower. Akwai kimanin nau'in 170 na wannan kyakkyawan shuka da kuma irin nau'o'in gladiolus iri daya da suka haɗu zuwa kungiyoyi biyu:
- ado , wanda tsawon lokacin inflorescence yana da mahimmanci, yawan buds, girman, launi da kuma zane-zane na flower;
- tattalin arziki - abubuwan da suke ƙayyade su ne tsayi na tsire-tsire, lokacin flowering, farfadowa ga harkokin sufuri da yanayin yanayi, yawan jima'i.
Ya danganta da girman furanni masu furewa, dukkanin gladioli sun kasu zuwa:
- karamin;
- kananan-flowered;
- matsakaicin matsakaici;
- babban-flowered;
- giant.
A gefuna na petals a kan furanni ne mai santsi da kuma shafe, fringed da folded. Launi na gladiolus na iya zama sabon abu. Wasu lokuta yana haɗuwa da haske sosai da kuma sauƙi na sauƙi. Gurbin zane-zane yana da bambanci, yana fitowa daga haske mai launi don kariya. Wadannan tsire-tsire za su iya zama guda- da kuma jeri biyu, da kuma zigzag. Ya dogara ne akan yadda ake shirya flower flower a cikin inflorescence. Kuma, dangane da tsayi na tsire-tsire, akwai raguwa, raunana girma, matsakaici da tsayi sosai.
A lokacin da blooming gladioluses?
Florists rarrabe bakwai irin gladioli, da daban-daban lokuta na flowering:
- sosai a farkon;
- farkon;
- tsakiyar lokaci;
- matsakaita;
- tsakiyar marigayi;
- marigayi;
- sosai marigayi.
Sabon gladiolus sun fara girma a tsakiyar watan Yuli, matsakaici-daga cikin tsakiyar Agusta, da kuma marigayi - a watan Satumba. Duk da haka, alamar kyakkyawan gladioli yana da tasiri sosai game da yanayin da yanayi na yanki. A cikin sanyi mai sanyi ko kuma idan akwai rashin samar da ruwa, ci gaba na shuka zai iya ragewa ko ma daina dakatarwa. Idan kana son shuke-shuke da kafi so ka yi fure a wuri-wuri, ƙila da kula da waje ya dace da yanayin yanayi na yankin.
Dasa gladiolus
Domin furanni don faranta musu ra'ayi mai kyau, dole ne mutum ya san yadda za a shuka gladioli. Da farko, kana bukatar ka zabi wuri mai dacewa don saukowa. Ya kamata ya zama wuri mai haske, mai kyau. Ƙasa don wadannan furanni ya kamata a yi chernozem, haske da kuma yashi loam. Ya kamata a hadu da mãkirci ta ƙara nitrogen da takin mai magani , misali, urea a cikin nauyin 15 g ta 1 sq.m. Mun tono ƙasa zuwa span bayonet kuma cire dukkan weeds. Gladiolus, saukowa da kulawa a cikin ƙasa, wanda ba zai dauki lokaci mai tsawo, ba zai dame ku ba.
Yadda za a shirya gladioli don dasa shuki a cikin bazara?
Kafin dasa shuki kwararan fitila dole ne a tsabtace shi daga Sikeli. Sabili da haka, yana yiwuwa a ga alamun cututtuka a kan kayan shuka da kuma daukar matakan dacewa don kawar da shi. Don sabon shiga shi zai zama mai ban sha'awa don sanin abin da za a aiwatar gladioli kafin dasa. Zaka iya amfani da sunadarai don wannan, amma yafi kyau amfani da jiko na tafarnuwa. Don dafa shi, kana buƙatar mirgine 300 grams na tafarnuwa a cikin wani nama grinder da kuma zuba 10 lita na ruwa. Kwararru da jariran suna nutse a cikin wannan bayani na tsawon sa'o'i 2. Domin disinfection, zaka iya amfani da bayani na potassium permanganate .
A lokacin da shuka gladioluses?
Lokaci na bazara kuma maras kyau. Sabili da haka, idan kana so ka san lokacin da zaka iya dasa gladioli a cikin ƙasa, yana da kyau sauraron shawarar masana. Florists bayar da shawarar su daidaita zuwa ga zafin jiki na ƙasa a lokacin da dasa shuki gladioli. A mafi kyau duka dasa lokaci zai zo a lokacin da kasar gona a zurfin 10-12 cm warms har zuwa + 10 ° C.
Yadda za a yadda ya kamata shuka gladiolus?
Domin gano abinda za a dasa bishiyoyin gladiolus, dole ne mutum yayi la'akari da shawarar da mutane suka samu. Don dasa bishiyoyin gladiolus a kan shafin ya sanya gado tare da furrows daban-daban zurfin: 15 cm - don manyan kwararan fitila, 9 cm - don matsakaici da, ko da ƙasa - ga yara. A kasan ramin, an zuba yashi kadan, an dasa shuki kayan lambu kuma ana yayyafa ƙasa da wani Layer na 2-3 cm. Ya kamata a lura cewa zurfin dasa shuki na corms zai haifar da farfajiyar marigayi na gladiolus. Kuma idan lokacin rani na da sanyi, to, irin wannan shuka zai fi dacewa da fungal da cututtuka na kwayan cuta.
Yadda za a magance gladioli?
Shuka gladioli da kulawa da su ya kamata ya zama sosai. Lokacin da ganye suka girma, dole ne a rufe ƙasa a kusa da tsire-tsire tare da humus har zuwa mita 5. Wannan zai kare kasar gona daga overheating da driedwa a yanayin zafi. An bayyana peduncles tare da buds, idan ya cancanta, dole ne a rataye su da kwasfa, kuma a cire cire furanni a cikin lokaci. Tun lokacin da weeds ke tsoma baki tare da girma da furanni na gladioli, ya kamata a shuka shuke-shuke sau 3-4 a lokacin bazara. Kyakkyawan furanni gladioli, dasawa da kulawa a cikin ƙasa da ke bayansu zasu juya lambun ku cikin ainihin ruwan sama.
Kula da gladioli - watering
Tsarin girma na gladiolus ba zai yiwu bane ba tare da yin amfani da ruwa akai akai a kalla sau ɗaya a mako ba. A musamman lokutan zafi, dole ne a yi wannan yau da kullum. Mafi kyawun lokaci na ban ruwa na tsire-tsire ne da safe ko marigayi maraice. Watering ya zama mai yawa - 1 guga na ruwa da 1 sq. Km. m. Sai kawai tare da irin wannan ruwa na ruwa, za a yi amfani da ƙasa zuwa wajibi 30-40 cm. Ruwa mafi kyau a cikin jere, ƙoƙarin kada ruwa a kan ganyayyaki na tsire-tsire. Bayan haka, dole ne a rabu da kasa. Idan kana so ka guje wa shayarwa mai saurin saukowa, rufe ƙasa a ƙarƙashin tsire-tsire tare da takin gargajiya ko humus.
Top miya na gladiolus
Growing gladioli a cikin ƙasa bude dole ne tare da su ciyar. A lokacin tsawon lokacin ciyayi gladioli za a iya ciyar da sau biyar:
- A farkon girma, furanni na bukatar nitrogen. Tare da rashinsa, ganye suna kodadde, kuma furancin yana da rauni. Na farko da takin tare da urea ya kamata a yi a cikin matakan 2-3. Sauya wannan taki zai iya zama jiko na mullein, kaza taki ko kore taki.
- Ana amfani da takin na biyu tare da nitrogen-potassium taki a cikin lokaci 3-4-leaf.
- Don na uku ciyarwa a kan 5-6 ganye, potassium sulfate da ake amfani da, wanda inganta metabolism, ƙara ƙarfafa cututtuka da kuma sanyi sanyi na tsire-tsire.
- A karo na hudu, gladioli suna ciyarwa a lokacin girma na peduncle, ta amfani da wannan nitrophosphate, kemira, nitroamophoska. Domin furanni na gladiolus ya zama babba, zai yiwu a shayar da ƙasa a karkashin shuka tare da bayani na acid acid.
- Hanya na biyar , mai ɗorewa na karshe, ana gudanar da shi bayan flowering. Yana amfani da superphosphate, potassium sulfate. A watan Satumba, za ka iya ruwa gladioli tare da bayani na potassium permanganate. Zai zama potassium fertilizing, da kuma disinfection.
Magunguna na gladioli
Wannan furen mai girma, kamar sauran tsire-tsire, yana yiwuwa ga cututtuka daban-daban. Akwai irin wannan cututtuka na gladioli kamar:
- naman kaza - mafi haɗari a cikinsu shine fusariosis, busassun baki da launin toka. Tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire suna girma cikin talauci, ƙananan bishiyoyin suna ɓarna, suna juya rawaya da bushe. A kan albasa, an canza launin launin ruwan kasa-ja-ja;
- Kwayoyin cuta ne ragowar gladioli. Tare da shi, fi na ganye wither. Sai suka bushe. Ƙaƙa a tushe rot da fashe. Corms an rufe shi da baƙar fata da ja;
- gizo-gizo - mosaic kokwamba, mosaic mai wake-wake, madogarar tumatir na tumatir. Wadannan ƙwayoyin cuta, wucewa daga tsire-tsire masu tsada, gigice da gladioli, hana su daga tasowa da furewa.
Kwaro na gladioli
Kamar sauran shuke-shuke, gladiolus a gonar za a iya farmaki daban-daban kwari:
- thrips - babban kwaro daga cikin wadannan furanni, shayar da ruwan 'ya'yan itace daga mai tushe da ganyen shuka. Matakan sarrafawa sun haɗa da yaduwa da Phytoverm, decis, girbi na farko na kwararan fitila, adana su a zafin jiki ba wucewa + 8 ° C;
- mai amfani da waya yana shafar ɓangaren ɓangaren gladiolus kuma shine mai dauke da cututtuka na kwayan cuta da cututtuka. Don magance shi, baza daga amfanin gona na tushen, zurfin rani na raya ƙasa da sarrafawa na yau da kullum na weeds;
- aphids - daya daga cikin kwari mafi yawan abincin da ke ciyar da ruwan 'ya'yan itace. Don halakar da aphids, ana kula da tsire-tsire da sinadarai ko magunguna;
- Har ila yau, lambun lambu na haifar da mummunar lalacewa ga gladioli, ta rushe samfurori da furanni da ba a gano su ba. Dangane da 'yan wasa, shuke-shuke za a iya bi da su tare da jiko na tafarnuwa da wanke wanke.