Babban ɓangaren motsa jiki na kiyaye shi ta hanyar ɓarfaɗɗun ɓangaren ƙwayar ƙafa guda biyu da kuma maras amfani tsakanin su. Matsayin da ke cikin ƙananan harsashi daga cikin huhu zai kasance ƙasa da ƙasa. Idan iska ta shiga ɗakin ɗakuna, ya kara ƙaruwa, kuma pneumothorax ya fara. Kwayoyin ba sa tsayuwa kuma sun daina shiga cikin numfashin numfashi.
Pneumothorax - rarrabawa
Akwai wasu zaɓuɓɓuka don yin amfani da pathology da aka yi la'akari da su: ƙananan hali, haɓakawa, sadarwa tare da yanayin waje, ƙarar rushewa da sauran ka'idoji. Ana rarraba rarraba bisa ga dalilai na cututtukan kamar yadda ya kamata. Ya haɗa da nau'o'in pneumothorax masu zuwa:
- hadari;
- maras lokaci;
- artificial.
Traumatic pneumothorax
Wannan nau'i na cuta sau da yawa yana tare da haɗari, haɗarin hanya da kuma makamai masu linzami. Tashin hankali na pneumothorax shine haɗuwa da iska a tsakanin tsaka-tsalle masu tsaka-tsalle ta hanyar shiga (harsashi, wuka) ko raunin da ya faru na kirji (raɗaɗi, bugun jini). Wasu lokuta lalacewar harsashi masu haɓaka suna tasowa akan asalin magungunan likita. A irin wannan yanayi, ƙwararrakin pneumothorax na ƙwayar ya ƙaddara. Zai iya faruwa bayan:
- fashewa;
- biopsy;
- hawan iska;
- shigarwa na catheter subclavian.
Pneumothorax na siffar maras kyau
An bayyana irin wannan cututtukan da aka bambanta a cikin wani ɓangare na ƙyama da kuma bayyanar cututtuka. Na farko tsari ya faru a cikin cikakken lafiya da matasa, ainihin dalilai na wannan sabon abu ba bayyana. Hanyoyi masu mahimmanci shine:
- lalata da kuma irin kwayoyin cututtuka;
- namiji jima'i;
- shekaru 20 zuwa 40;
- buri ga taba;
- girma girma;
- ayyuka da ke janyo bambancin matsalolin (tafiya a jirgin sama, ruwa, hawa dutse da sauransu);
- matsanancin aiki na jiki.
An gano cututtuka ko ƙananan pneumothorax na ƙwayar cuta a cikin mutanen da ke da alamun da ke shafi ayyukan motsin rai. Yi kira akan tarawar iska a cikin ɓangaren sarari na iya zama cututtuka masu zuwa:
- cystic fibrosis ;
- exacerbation na bronchial fuka;
- ciwon huhu;
- sarcoidosis;
- fibrosing alveolitis;
- cuta mai ruɗar cuta na kullum;
- tarin fuka;
- histiocytosis X;
- tsarin tsarin scleroderma;
- rheumatoid arthritis;
- ƙurji daga cikin huhu;
- ciwon daji;
- lymphangioleiomyomatosis;
- dermatomyositis da sauransu.
A lokuta masu tsanani, iska mai tsada a tsakanin lobes a cikin ƙananan ruwaye ba wai kawai karuwa ba ne a cikin kwasfa daga cikin huhu, amma har da rashin isasshen iskar oxygen, rage yawan karfin jini a cikin arteries. Wannan yanayin ana kiransa mummunan pneumothorax kuma an dauke shi daya daga cikin bambance-bambance mafi haɗari na wannan cuta. Ba tare da farfadowa na gaggawa ba, zai iya haifar da matsaloli mai tsanani waɗanda suke barazana ga rayuwar mutum.
Artificial pneumothorax
Halin da aka gabatar shine likita na musamman. Kafin ƙaddamar da shirye-shirye na zamani na zamani, hanyoyi marasa rinjaye na yin amfani da tsoma baki da kuma lissafin kwaikwayo, ƙwayar cutar pneumothorax a cikin tarin fuka (collapsotherapy) shine hanya mafi mahimmanci na magani da ganewar asali. Rashin dashi na ruguwar dabbar da ke ciki ta taimaka wajen ɓacewar ƙwayar ƙwayoyin cutar necrosis, resorption na granulations da fibrosis.
Masu ci gaba da magungunan jini sunyi amfani da iska mai wucin gadi zuwa ɓangaren sarari. Don wannan magudi akwai alamun nuna alamun:
- zub da jini na ciki (idan an san shi, daga abin da yasa yake faruwa);
- Tashin fuka da cututtuka tare da koguna masu kyau;
- rashin yiwuwa na zamani chemotherapy.
Pneumothorax - mawuyacin
Wani lokaci magungunan da aka yi la'akari da su a hankali, musamman a cikin samari, sun riga sun samo asali ne saboda shekarunsu, rashin biyayya, salon rayuwa ko sha'awa. Babban mawuyacin pneumothorax:
- raunin da ya faru;
- cututtuka na numfashi;
- maganin likita.
Bude pneumothorax
Wannan nau'i na cututtuka yana faruwa tare da mummunar lalacewar kirji. Hannun bude pneumothorax shine haɗuwa tsakanin iska tsakanin lobes, wanda yana da wata hanya ta waje. Lokacin da numfashiwa, gas ya cika kullun, kuma a kan fitarwa ya dawo. Halin da ake ciki a cikin kwakwalwa yana da hankali a matsayin darajar yanayi, don haka ƙwaro ba zai iya daidaita ba. Saboda haka, ya daina shiga cikin matakai na numfashi kuma yana bayar da jini tare da oxygen.
Wurin da aka bude shi ne fata na pneumothorax. Wannan yanayin yana nuna motsi da kyallen takalma na kwayar da aka ji rauni, bronchi, ko tsokoki. A sakamakon haka, iska ta cika layin da aka yi a kan inhalation, amma ba ya fita gaba daya. Matsayin da karfin gas a tsakanin ƙananan furanni yana ci gaba da karuwa, wanda zai haifar da sauyawa zuciya da manyan jiragen ruwa da yaduwa na huhu. Akwai yiwuwar ƙetare jinin jini, numfashi da musayar oxygen.
An rufe pneumothorax
Masu neman wannan nau'i na kwayar halitta na iya zama ƙananan cututtuka da kuma raunuka. Bugu da ƙari, ana kiyaye shi idan akwai pneumothorax marar lahani, wanda ba a riga an kafa shafukansa ba. Haɗakar iska a tsakanin ƙananan fata na membrane ne aka kafa saboda ƙananan lahani ya bayyana a cikin roƙo. Damage zuwa gado ba shi da wani tasiri zuwa waje, kuma ƙarar gas a ciki ba ta ƙara ba. A hankali iska ta share kanta ko da ba tare da shigar da lafiyar likita ba, kuma an rufe lahani.
Pneumothorax - bayyanar cututtuka
Hoton hoton yana dogara ne da siffar da ƙananan yanayin, ƙarar iska wadda take tarawa a wuri mai zurfi. Wasu lokuta alamun pneumothorax sun kusan bace. Wannan shi ne ainihin gaskiya game da ilimin likita na farko. A wasu lokuta, pneumothorax na huhu zai iya samun wadannan bayyanar cututtuka:
- ciwo a cikin kirji, ya ba wa kafada daga gefen lalacewa;
- busassun tari;
- rashin ƙarfi na numfashi;
- karin ƙwaƙwalwar zuciya;
- tsoro tsoron mutuwa;
- a saki suturar viscous mai sanyi;
- rauni cikin jiki;
- purple-blue fata tint;
- walƙiya a yayin numfashi (tare da suturar pneumothorax);
- raguwa tsakanin hagu.
- kullin kirji mai mahimmanci;
- kumburi a karkashin fata (emphysema), lokacin da ka danna kan abin da ka ji wani crunch, kamar daga dusar ƙanƙara;
- rage yawan karfin jini;
- suma.
Pneumothorax - ganewar asali
Na farko, masanin ilimin halitta yana gudanar da bincike na jiki na mai yin haƙuri ta hanyar yin amfani da fasaha (ƙwanƙwasa yatsa) da kuma samfurin (phonendoscope sauraron). Babban hanyar gano asalin pneumothorax shine hasken X. Yana taimaka wajen ganin iska kyauta a cikin ƙwararren ƙwararru, don tantance ƙwayar lalata turɓaya, kawar da sassan kwayoyin halitta. Idan jarrabawar X-ray ba ta isasshen bayani ba, ana amfani da hanyoyi na maganin karin bayani:
- lissafin rubutu ;
- Alamar takarda;
- Nazarin Exudate daga sashin ƙwararra (an yi amfani da launi tare da pneumothorax);
- nazarin ginin gas na jini;
- electrocardiography.
Pneumothorax - magani
Ƙananan ƙwayoyin maganin halitta ba su buƙatar farfadowa na musamman. Idan ba a sami alamun bayyanar cututtuka a kan sashin jiki na zuciya da na zuciya ba, sai dai kallon yanayin huhu tare da taimakon rediyo ya kamata. A wasu lokuta, yanke shawara game da yadda za a bi da pneumothorax ya karɓa daga likitan likitancin thoracic. Kafin zuwan wanda aka azabtar a asibiti, yana da mahimmanci don hana ci gaba da rikitarwa, saboda haka kana buƙatar yin ayyuka kaɗan.
Pneumothorax - taimakon gaggawa
Abu na farko da za a yi lokacin da kake tunanin yanayin da ake tambaya shi ne kiran wani bangaren likita kuma ya kwantar da hankalin mutum. Valve da nauyin nauyin rufaffiyar rufewa yana buƙatar gaggawa ta farfajiyar filin. Wannan magudi zai samar da iska ta waje da kuma taimakawa rage matsin da ke tsakanin ƙananan ƙwayoyin kwakwalwa na sutura.
Idan mai hakuri yana da nau'i na ilimin lissafin jiki, cutar pneumothorax na lalacewa ta ji shi ne, kamar zuga da wahayi da kuma exhalations daga rauni. Wanda aka azabtar yana da mahimmanci don kwantar da hankalinsa da kuma samar da shi kyauta ga oxygen, wannan zai sake dawo da tsarin numfashi. Taimako na farko a bude-air pneumothorax shine aikace-aikacen suturar rufewa ta rufe. Yana hana ƙudarin iska zuwa cikin ɓangaren hanyoyi.
Magani na pneumothorax
Yana da kyawawa cewa wannan magudi da wani kwararren likita ya yi. Kwararren gwadawa tare da pneumothorax yana taimakawa wajen rage yawan matsa lamba a cikin kwasfa daga cikin huhu da kuma daidaitawa na numfashi. Idan kwanciyar hankali na hanzari ya ɓata, za a iya yin gaggawa ta gaggawa. Don yin wannan, soki bango na kirji a kan lalacewa tare da allurar matako mai cutarwa, tube mai bakin ciki da matsayi mai ma'ana ko abu mai kama.
A cikin ƙananan sashen, ana fitar da iska mai iska daga kogin gwadawa ana gudanar da shi ta na'urori na musamman, alal misali, na'urar Bobrov. A karkashin maganin rigakafi na gida, likita yana yin kullun tare da ciwo mai ɓoye. A cikin rami an saka magudanar ruwa tare da fitarwa a cikin gilashin gilashi na wani ƙaramin (Bankin Bobrov). Idan har iska tayi ta da jinkiri, ana yin shi ta hanyar yin amfani da shi ta hanyar motsa jiki.
Bandage a ciki tare da pneumothorax
Hanyar magungunan gaggawa ta hanyar maganin cututtuka ita ce ta dakatar da iska zuwa ga rauni. Ana iya sanya bandeji na pneumothorax daga takalma mai laushi na gashi na auduga wanda aka nannade da bandage mai asali, ko kayan aikin da aka inganta - tufafi, tawul da sauran abubuwa. Dole ne ya rufe lalacewa gaba ɗaya kuma ya hana shiga shigar da gas cikin rami. Domin matsakaicin iyakar, an haɗa bandeji tare da bude pneumothorax tare da fim na filastik ko akidar cellophane.
A asibiti, wanda aka azabtar zai kasance tare da taimakon taimako, wanda ya hada da:
- yanayin oxygen;
- anesthesia;
- m stitching na bude raunuka, rukuni da kuma membranes;
- zane-zane na petals tare da shirye-shirye na musamman (pleurodesis).
Pneumothorax - rikitarwa
Kimanin rabin marasa lafiya sun bayyana yanayin da ke kawo hadarin gaske. Mafi mawuyacin shi ne bawul din pneumothorax, tiyata tare da budewa na kwakwalwa, karuwar iska da kuma raunukan raunuka ba koyaushe ba. A wasu lokuta, ya ƙare tare da sakamakon ƙarshe. Sauran matsalolin da ke faruwa na yau da kullum:
- suplamational ƙonewa na roki (pyopneumothorax);
- subcutaneous emphysema ;
- matsawa da manyan jirgi da zuciya;
- zub da jini a cikin ɓangaren sarari;
- m maye gurbi;
- muni (asarar aiki) na huhu.
Sakamakon pneumothorax
Sakamakon haɗuwa da iska a cikin membrane mai zurfi ya dogara da irin wannan cuta, da tsananinsa, da rashin lalacewar kirji. Valve pneumothorax yana da mafi kuskuren ganewa, musamman tare da raunuka mai tsanani a cikin huhu. Sauran nau'o'in pathology suna karɓa da kyau ga magani, amma zai iya haifar da haɗari masu haɗari kuma basu iya dawowa ba. A cikin kwayoyin cutar pneumothorax masu rikitarwa, tsinkaye suna da kyau.