Sadarwa shi ne musanya bayani, ji, motsin rai tsakanin mutane, kungiyoyin mutane, mutum guda tare da wasu al'umma. Masana kimiyya na yau da kullum suna rarraba hanyar sadarwa ta al'ada tsakanin nau'i uku - maganganu, ba tare da nuna bambanci ba. Kowace jinsin tana ƙayyade ta hanyar haɗuwa da hanyoyi daban-daban, dabaru da kuma hanyoyi.
Hanyoyin sadarwa na magana
Sadarwar magana ita ce mafi yawan duniya, m da kuma hanyar sadarwa na kowa. A gaskiya ma, irin wannan sadarwar ta haɗa da canja wuri ɗaya ko wani bayani daga mutum zuwa ga wani ta hanyar magana da fahimta ta dace da shi ta wani bangare.
Kasuwancin maganganun ya hada da maganganun magana da rubutu, wanda aka gudanar ta hanyar tsarin alamar - harshe da rubutu. Wannan cibiyar sadarwa, duk wani bayanin da aka watsa tare da taimakon maganganun da ake gani ta hanyar ji, an gabatar da ita azaman saƙon rubutu da kuma fahimta ta hanyar karatun, tana nufin irin maganganun magana.
Harshe da rubuce-rubuce shine ainihin ma'anar sadarwa. Babban ayyukan harshe sune:
- sadarwa - wannan hanya ce ta hanyar sadarwa tsakanin mutane a cikin ma'ana;
- m - yiwuwar wata mahimman bayani game da wani tunani a cikin kalmar sakon;
- Kira - yana nufin rinjayar da tasiri a kan mai gabatarwa;
- Fatic - Hanyar kafa lamba ta hanyar biyan wasu dokoki (misali);
- hankalin rai - mai nunawa - hanya ce ta bayyana dangantakar mutum ta sirri ga batun ko batun tattaunawa;
- haɗuwa - ƙwarewar fahimtar, adana, tarawa da kuma watsa bayanai ga tsara mai zuwa;
- kyakkyawa - ikon iya bayyana ra'ayoyin a cikin haske, sabo da mahimmanci.
Masu ilimin harshe sun bambanta wasu ƙididdigar da suka fi ƙanƙanci amma basu da muhimmanci da kuma inda ake nufi da harshe - akidar, zabin, zance, zane, mahiri da wasu.
Forms na sadarwa magana
Halin halayyar mutum ya hada da na waje da waje, maganganun magana da rubutu. Maganar cikin ciki shine wani ɓangare na tsari na tunani, yana da cikakkun takamaiman bayani kuma ana nunawa a cikin hotunan hotuna da fassarori. Lokacin da mutum ya yanke shawarar ma'anar maganganunsa na waje, ba shi da buƙatar yin magana a ciki a cikin cikakkun kalmomi da kalmomi. Tsarin halitta da gyaran maganganun ciki suna da muhimmanci idan matsalolin ke fitowa cikin sadarwa ta waje.
Harshen maganganu na waje ya haifar da sadarwa tsakanin jama'a a cikin al'umma. Manufarta ita ce sadarwar yau da kullum tare da musayar bayanai tare da kusa, saba, wanda ba a sani ba kuma gaba daya. A cikin wannan nau'i, irin waɗannan halaye kamar haɓaka kai tsaye, ƙaddamarwa, sauƙi, halayyar rai da matsayi mai mahimmanci don daidaitaccen sadarwa yana da mahimmanci.
Harsunan maganganun waje sun hada da:
- Tattaunawa - zance, tattaunawar, musayar ra'ayi na bayani, sharudda, ra'ayoyin. Tattaunawa game da batutuwa tsakanin mutane biyu ko fiye a cikin yanayi mai annashuwa tare da damar da za su bayyana ra'ayinsu da ƙaddara game da batun tattaunawar.
- Tattaunawa shine musanya ra'ayoyin adawa don tabbatar da hakki ga mutum daya ko rukuni na mutane. Jayayya a matsayin hanya na bayyana ainihin ma'ana ko matsayi shine ɗaya daga cikin nau'in sadarwa na yau da kullum, da hanyar kimiyya tare da
aikace-aikace na tushen shaida. - Monologue - daban-daban iri-iri a gaban masu saurare ko masu sauraro, lokacin da mutum ya juya magana ga babban ɓangaren masu sauraro. Wannan hanyar sadarwa tana amfani da ita ta hanyar koyarwa ta hanyar laccoci, da kuma jawabai a tarurruka daban-daban.
Tsarin tsangwama a cikin sadarwa na iya kasancewa daga cikin shekaru, halin tausayi ko kuma mawuyacin hali. Saboda haka kananan yara da mutanen da ke cikin gidaje ba za su iya bayyana ra'ayinsu a sarari ba . Cigaba mai ma'ana yana nufin ƙwarewar harshe mai rauni ko rashin sani don roko ga mai shiga tsakani.