Cosmopolitanism a cikin zamani na zamani a matsayin Fashin Siyasa Siyasa

Cosmopolitanism ana kiransa duka ilimin bourgeois da kuma falsafar dan kasa na duniya, ainihin shine shine ya musanta hakkin dan kasa da al'adun al'adu na kakanninsu. Mutanen da suka gane kansu a matsayin cosmopolitan sun kira kansu suyi la'akari da kansu 'yan kasa na duniya don kawar da rikice-rikice tsakanin mazaunan ƙasashe daban-daban da kuma tabbatar da cewa dole ne dukan' yan adam su zauna lafiya.

Menene cosmopolitanism?

Kalmar "cosmopolitanism" ya hada da fassarori da yawa, waɗanda aka tsara don la'akari da matsalolin siyasa:

1. Ƙarfafa ra'ayi na hadin kai da dukan mutane waɗanda dole ne suyi tunanin kansu a matsayin mutane guda.
2. Addiniyar Bourgeois, wadda ta yi ikirarin nuna goyon baya ga kishin kasa.
3. Ƙungiyar ra'ayoyin da suka ƙi karɓar 'yancin mutane zuwa' yancin kai.

Cosmopolitan shi ne mutumin da ya watsar da dan kasa da asalinsa, yana ganin kansa a matsayin dan kasa na dukan ƙasashen duniya a lokaci guda. A cikin falsafar, irin waɗannan mutane an kira su mazaunin wata ƙasa - Cosmopolis, wannan Ƙasar. A cikin shekarun haske, an fassara wannan ra'ayin a matsayin kalubalantar doka, wanda ya furta cewa mutumin ba shi da wata ƙasa ko mai mulki, amma ga kansa.

Alamar cosmopolitanism

Alamar cosmopolitanism ita ce alama a kan tutar Ƙungiyar Duniya ta Jama'a ta Duniya - ƙungiya ce wadda ke fadada ra'ayin mutum na duniya. Suna fitar da fasfo na dan kasa na duniya, har zuwa ranar 750,000 mutane daga kasashe daban-daban sun yi rajista a can. Har yanzu, kawai Mauritania, Tanzania, Togo da Ecuador sun karbi takardun. Sigin yana nuna adadi na mutum wanda aka rubuta a duniya, kamar yadda a cikin da'irar. Wannan yana nuna hakikanin kowane mutum ya yi la'akari da matsayin mahaifinsa duk wani duniyar duniyar duniyar, domin ƙasa ta ƙasa ita ce duniya mai yawa.

Cosmopolitanism - wadata da fursunoni

Ma'anar "cosmopolitanism" a zamanin Soviet yana da siffofin da ba daidai ba, ko da yake yawancin shahararren mutane sun nuna cewa suna da ra'ayin wannan ra'ayin. Masu binciken sun zo ga ƙarshe cewa ya furta, dukansu biyu da minuses. Babban mahimman bayanai:

1. Ba ya rabu da ƙauna ga mahaifar mutum ba, amma kawai ya ƙaddara mafi girman kullun gwaji na amfanin jama'a.
2. Tana ƙaddamar da bayyanar da kishi, ƙoƙari na ɗaga wata al'umma a kan wasu.
3. Tada sha'awar al'adun sauran mutane.

Babban mahimman bayanai:

1. Yana sharewa kuma yana kawar da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar kakanni, dabi'un ruhaniya da na ƙasa a zuciyar mutum.
2. Rage jin dadi ga kasarka.

Yadda za a zama cosmopolitan?

An yi imani da cewa kullun shine mutumin da bai bari ya zama mahaifinsa ba, amma yayi la'akari da dukan duniya ta zama mahaifin gida. Ya dogara akan irin waɗannan manufofi:

1. Babu takamaiman kasashe da al'ummomi, akwai ƙasa ɗaya, da kuma ɗayan mutane.
2. Amfanin al'umma ba ta wuce ba.
3. Ba yarda da gabatar da mutane ga launin fata ba, bangaskiya da nakasa ta jiki.

A yau fassarorin sararin samaniya sune mutanen da suka fahimta game da fifiko da wasu, girmama mutuntaka, kuma ba na cikin wata al'umma ba. Dokar duniya tana wakiltar masu bin waɗannan ra'ayoyin ne daga mutanen da ba su san launin fatar ko na siyasa ba, bayyanuwar Nazism da kuma shelar ƙaddamarwa na wata al'umma.

Da daukan hotuna na cosmopolitanism

"Cosmopolitan" ko "dan kasa na duniya" - irin wannan matsayi, kyauta daga ka'idojin al'ada, ba zai dace da sarakuna ba. Tun da girman kai na ƙasarsu, da sha'awar karewa da kare shi, ya kasance wani muhimmin bangare na ilimi na patriotic da manufar gida na kowace jiha. Musamman ma ya yi kokari wajen kawo karshen mulkin cosmopolitanism na shugabannin Soviet, wanda ya fara da Stalin, wanda ya maida hankali sosai wajen bayyana wannan akidar.

A yaki da cosmopolitanism

Rashin gwagwarmaya da 'yan kwaminis a tsakiyar karni na karshe a Tarayyar Tarayyar Soviet ya bayyana sosai a kan matsalolin masu ilimi, waɗanda aka dauke da tausayi ga ra'ayoyin Yammaci. Wannan gwagwarmaya da magoya bayan wannan akidar ba a bayyana ba kawai a cikin tattaunawa, an kira su a matsayin "abokan gaba na mutane" tare da yin la'akari da sansanin, wanda aka gani a cikin irin wannan rashin amincewa da aikin da aka yi musu.

Taron karo na biyu na gwagwarmaya da wannan akida ya fadi a lokacin Yakin Cold, lokacin da ake buƙatar mutane su kasance da haɗin kai ga ka'idojin jam'iyyar. Yin la'akari da kansa a matsayin ɗan ƙasa na dukan ƙasashe a lokaci guda, ciki har da, kuma ƙiyayya da tsarin da ake ciki, an kusan kusan shi da cin amana. Lokaci-lokaci, yakin da aka yi a kan ƙananan sararin samaniya sun shirya, saboda wasu dalili Yahudawa sun zabi wannan rawar. Kodayake suna jin irin kishin kasa da kuma za ~ en mutanensu fiye da sauran} asashe.

Famous cosmopolite

Ganin duniya na "cosmopolitanism" an dauke shi da kyau ta mutane da yawa sanannun mutane, kowannensu yana da ra'ayi da fassarar wannan ma'anar.

1. Na farko da ya bayyana kansa masanin falsafanci Diogenes, ya jaddada cewa al'amuran mutane suna da tsayin daka kan kishin kasa.
2. Masanin ilimin kimiyya mai suna Einstein ya sanar da cewa dan Adam dole ya haɗu da kuma gane gwamnati daya - majalisa da aka kafa a karkashin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya.
3. Shugaban {asar Amirka Truman ya yaba da ra'ayin samar da} asashen duniya, tare da jagorancin {asar Amirka.
4. Mai ba da labari Harry Davis ya bayyana kansa dan kasa na duniya, har ma ya kafa kungiyar da ta shafi irin waɗannan fasfofi ga kowa.

Littattafai game da cosmopolitanism

Manufofin cosmopolitanism sun jawo hankalin masu bincike da yawa daga kasashe daban-daban, kowanne daga cikinsu yayi ƙoƙari ya sami hujjojinsa "don" da kuma "a kan" ka'idodin da suka kasance.

1. Yu da Kiristan "Cosmopolitanism shine makomar 'yan adam" . Marubucin ya bayyana manufofin cosmopolitanism a Ancient Girka, Sin da sauran ƙasashe, nazarin abubuwan da ke da muhimmanci ga makomar.
2. Tsukerman Ethan. Sabbin haɗin. Lambobin duniya na zamani a cikin zamanin sadarwa . " Wani malamin kwararre da mashahuriya ya bayyana zamantakewa na zamantakewa da sababbin fasahar da zasu canza makomar.
3. A. Potresov "Ƙasar duniya da kuma cosmopolitanism. Linesuna biyu na dimokuradiyya . " Littafin yana kawo matsala
4. da 'yan adawa na waɗannan abubuwa guda biyu zuwa ga jam'iyyar Menshevik, ana nazarin muhimmancin su.
5. D. Najafarov. "Stalin da cosmopolitanism 1945-1953. Takardu na Agitprop na Babban Kwamitin CPSU . " Yana ganin yakin da ake yi akan wannan akida a matsayin wani muhimmin bangare na manufofin jagorancin Soviet.
6. Fougères de Montbron. "Cosmopolitan ko Citizen na Duniya . " Marubucin ya bayyana yadda akidar ke rabu da mahaifinsa, yana jaddada cewa duniya tana kama da littafi, kuma wanda ya saba da kasarsa, ya karanta kawai daga cikin shafukan.